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26 Jul 2010

Volume 97, Issue 4, Articles (04xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 043701 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3467194 (3 pages)

Yuhui He, Lubing Shao, Ralph H. Scheicher, Anton Grigoriev, Rajeev Ahuja, Shibing Long, Zhuoyu Ji, Zhaoan Yu, and Ming Liu
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Bragg grating writing in acoustically excited optical fiber

Roberson A. Oliveira, Kevin Cook, John Canning, and Alexandre A. P. Pohl

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041101 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3467041 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 26 July 2010

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The inscription of Bragg gratings in optical fiber under acoustic excitation is proposed and demonstrated. A permanent change in the refractive index as the period of the grating is modulated with periodic acoustic excitation during UV grating writing leads to sampling of the structure and the production of spectral combs. A physical contribution to index change through stress profiling reveals a complicated picture of UV-induced index change, well beyond simple localized defect and structural changes. The method offers the potential for tuning and tailoring conventional uniform gratings during the writing process using adjustable acoustic wave functions, an approach to control the writing process.
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42.81.Bm Fabrication, cladding, and splicing
43.35.Sx Acoustooptical effects, optoacoustics, acoustical visualization, acoustical microscopy, and acoustical holography
42.79.Dj Gratings

Mechanical and thermal stability of plasmonic emitters on flexible polyimide substrates

Ismail Emre Araci, Veysi Demir, Aleksandr Kropachev, Terje Skotheim, Robert A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041102 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3462795 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 26 July 2010

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We have fabricated Ag/SiO2/Ag plasmonic thermal infrared (IR) emitters with different hexagonal lattice periods on flexible polyimide (PI) membranes. The high temperature resistance and comparable coefficient of thermal expansion with metallic films enabled the fabrication of plasmonic IR emitters on PI films. We have investigated the effects of temperature and mechanical strain on the spectral and structural properties of the flexible emitter. The low heat conductivity and low thermal mass of thin free standing PI substrates enables IR emitters with low power consumption (<1 W) and fast switching time (in the order of ten milliseconds).
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68.35.Gy Mechanical properties; surface strains
68.35.Ct Interface structure and roughness
66.70.Hk Glasses and polymers
68.60.Dv Thermal stability; thermal effects
68.60.Bs Mechanical and acoustical properties
78.67.-n Optical properties of low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale materials and structures

Efficient electron spin injection in MnAs-based spin-light-emitting-diodes up to room temperature

E. D. Fraser, S. Hegde, L. Schweidenback, A. H. Russ, A. Petrou, H. Luo, and G. Kioseoglou

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041103 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3464966 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 26 July 2010

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Studies of ferromagnetic MnAs in recent years have revealed a wide range of properties desirable for spintronic applications. Previously studied MnAs spin-light-emitting-diodes exhibited a low value of spin injection into the device active region. In this work, we have investigated injection of spin polarized electrons from MnAs into AlGaAs(n)/GaAs(i)/AlGaAs(p) n-i-p structures. The band-edge electroluminescence emitted from these devices has a saturation circular polarization of 26% at 7 K and B = 2 T. Using optical pumping measurements the corresponding electron spin polarization was determined to be 52%. Emission persists up to room temperature, with a saturation circular polarization of 6% at B = 2 T.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices

Femtosecond laser fabrication of high reflectivity micromirrors

D. Brodoceanu, G. D. Cole, N. Kiesel, M. Aspelmeyer, and D. Bäuerle

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041104 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3467846 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 26 July 2010

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High-quality freestanding micromirrors consisting of 40 dielectric layers on silicon have been fabricated by ultrashort-pulse laser ablation in combination with laser-assisted wet chemical etching. Backside material removal enables direct access to both faces of the dielectric coating. The amplitude reflectance of the micromirrors has been determined by Fabry–Pérot interferometry; a finesse in excess of 8900±700, corresponding to a reflectivity exceeding 99.95%, has been found. The mechanical quality factor, Q, of the microresonators, measured at 20 K, is determined to be between 5000 and 6000.
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42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors
42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression
07.60.Ly Interferometers
42.82.Cr Fabrication techniques; lithography, pattern transfer
42.79.Wc Optical coatings

Bias-induced offset effect overlapped on bipolar-resistance effect based on Co/SiO2/Si structure

Chong Qi Yu and Hui Wang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041105 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3469932 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 26 July 2010

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Recent study shows the resistance of a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure can be controlled by a laser via a bipolar-resistance effect (BRE). Based on this BRE phenomenon, we find an overlapped offset effect which is induced by an external bias applying to the structure. This offset effect features with a moveable equilibrium point of BRE, suggesting a combined control to the resistance and adding functionality to the MOS-based photoelectric devices.
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73.40.Qv Metal-insulator-semiconductor structures (including semiconductor-to-insulator)
85.60.-q Optoelectronic devices
61.80.Ba Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation)
61.82.Fk Semiconductors
72.40.+w Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects

Spatially resolved characterization of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot structures by scanning spreading resistance microscopy

T. Hakkarainen, O. Douhéret, S. Anand, L. Fu, H. H. Tan, and C. Jagadish

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041106 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3467138 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 27 July 2010

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Cross-sectional scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) is used to investigate stacked InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) structures with different doping schemes. Spatially resolved imaging of the QDs by SSRM is demonstrated. The SSRM contrast obtained for the QD layers is found to depend on doping in the structure. In the undoped structures both QD-layers and QDs within the layers could be resolved, while in the doped structures the QD layers appear more or less uniformly broadened. The origin of the SSRM contrast in the QD layer in the different samples is discussed and correlated with doping schemes.
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81.07.Ta Quantum dots
61.72.U- Doping and impurity implantation

Electro-optic switching element for dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguides

A. V. Krasavin and A. V. Zayats

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041107 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3464552 (3 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 27 July 2010

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We present three-dimensional numerical modeling of an active electronically controlled switching element for fully-functional plasmonic circuits based on dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguides. It has been demonstrated that the transmission of the guided mode through a highly wavelength-selective waveguide ring resonator (WRR) can be efficiently controlled with very small refractive index changes of the order of 10−3, achievable through the electro-optic effect in nonlinear materials. Furthermore, we have introduced a figure of merit for such active plasmonic elements and optimized the active WRR performance in terms of its sensitivity and size. These results shows the potential to create high performance 600 nm radius plasmonic WRR switches.
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42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers

Programmable purification of type-I polarization-entanglement

Simone Cialdi, Davide Brivio, and Matteo G. A. Paris

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041108 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3467832 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 27 July 2010

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We suggest and demonstrate a scheme to compensate spatial and spectral decoherence effects in the generation of polarization entangled states by type-I parametric downconversion. In our device, a programmable spatial light modulator imposes a polarization dependent phase-shift on different spatial sections of the overall downconversion output and this effect is exploited to realize an effective purification technique for polarization entanglement.
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42.65.Lm Parametric down conversion and production of entangled photons
03.67.Mn Entanglement measures, witnesses, and other characterizations
42.79.Hp Optical processors, correlators, and modulators
42.50.-p Quantum optics

Mach–Zehnder interferometry method for decoupling electro-optic and piezoelectric effects in poled polymer films

Charles Greenlee, Anael Guilmo, Ayodeji Opadeyi, Roland Himmelhuber, Robert A. Norwood, Mahmoud Fallahi, Jingdong Luo, Su Huang, Xing-Hua Zhou, Alex K.-Y. Jen, and Nasser Peyghambarian

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041109 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3467847 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 27 July 2010

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A Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is utilized to decouple the electro-optic and piezoelectric tensor effects occurring in a poled polymer film. This method has significant advantages over the commonly used Teng-Man reflection ellipsometry technique by allowing for the independent determination of the Pockel’s coefficients r13 and r33 and the piezoelectric coefficient d33. The r33 value of a guest host polymer that consists of AJLZ53 amorphous polycarbonate was found to be 122.69 pm/V and 123.03 pm/V using the MZI and reflection ellipsometry method, respectively. The r33 data fits well to the dispersion of the second order susceptibility tensor based on the two-level model approximation.
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78.66.Qn Polymers; organic compounds
78.20.Jq Electro-optical effects
78.20.hb Piezo-optical, elasto-optical, acousto-optical, and photoelastic effects
42.70.Jk Polymers and organics
42.65.An Optical susceptibility, hyperpolarizability
07.60.Ly Interferometers

Freestanding spherical silicon nanocrystals: A model system for studying confined excitons

B. Goller, S. Polisski, H. Wiggers, and D. Kovalev

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041110 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3470103 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 27 July 2010

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We report on the light emitting properties of freestanding hydrogen-terminated spherical silicon nanocrystals. The nanocrystals exhibit size-dependent tunable light emission properties. Many light emission properties of this system are found to be very similar to those known for other systems containing silicon nanocrystals. However, we found specific emission properties of this system ascribed to the spherical shape of silicon nanocrystals and their spatial separation. We attributed all observations to the spatial confinement of excitons within the crystalline core of the indirect band gap silicon nanocrystals.
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78.67.Hc Quantum dots
71.35.-y Excitons and related phenomena
78.30.Am Elemental semiconductors and insulators
78.55.Ap Elemental semiconductors
78.66.Db Elemental semiconductors and insulators
78.40.Fy Semiconductors

Room temperature terahertz electro-optic modulation by excitons in carbon nanotubes

T. Ogawa, S. Watanabe, N. Minami, and R. Shimano

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041111 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3470105 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 27 July 2010

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We have investigated the electroabsorption of aligned micelle-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes induced by intense terahertz (THz) pulses by using THz-pump and optical-probe spectroscopy at room temperature. The electroabsorption signal is enhanced at exciton resonances near the optical communication wavelength. The signal showed a quadratic dependence on the THz electric field and instantaneously followed the THz oscillation ( ∼ 1 ps). The observed ultrafast electro-optic modulation with a THz bandwidth suggests the potential functionality of carbon nanotubes in high-speed electro-optic devices.
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71.35.-y Excitons and related phenomena
81.07.De Nanotubes
78.67.Ch Nanotubes
78.47.J- Ultrafast spectroscopy (<1 psec)

Robust one-way modes in gyromagnetic photonic crystal waveguides with different interfaces

Jin-Xin Fu, Rong-Juan Liu, and Zhi-Yuan Li

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041112 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3470873 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 27 July 2010

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We experimentally realize a one-way waveguide made from a gyromagnetic photonic crystal (GPC) and a normal dielectric photonic crystal in their common photonic band gap. Due to the time reversal symmetry breaking of the GPC under a dc magnetic field, the edge modes exhibit a one-way property. We investigate the unidirectional propagation character originating from the chiral edge states at different widths of the waveguide. Both the forward modes, which are robust to various obstacles, and the backward modes show an obvious frequency shift for different waveguide widths. Numerical simulations by means of the transfer-matrix method and multiple scattering methods agree well with the experimental data.
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42.55.Tv Photonic crystal lasers and coherent effects
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers

Efficient unidirectional generation of surface plasmon polaritons with asymmetric single-nanoslit

Jianjun Chen, Zhi Li, Song Yue, and Qihuang Gong

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041113 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3472251 (3 pages) | Cited 17 times

Online Publication Date: 28 July 2010

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An asymmetric single-nanoslit composed of a conventional nanoslit with a nanogroove next to it in a metallic film is proposed to generate unidirectional surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) efficiently with back-side illumination. Numerical simulations show that due to the different interference processes of SPPs to opposite directions, efficient unidirectional SPP generation can be achieved. Experimentally, an extinction ratio of about 30:1 for SPPs to opposite directions and a generation efficiency of about 1.8 times that of the symmetrical case are demonstrated at wavelength of 830 nm with the lateral dimension of the asymmetric single-nanoslit of only 370 nm.
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73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
71.36.+c Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions)
78.66.Bz Metals and metallic alloys

Subwavelength focusing of light by a tapered microtube

Jian Fu, Hongtao Dong, and Wei Fang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041114 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3472224 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 29 July 2010

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We propose a mechanism for subwavelength focusing at optical frequencies based on the use of a tapered microtube fabricated from a glass capillary tube. Using coherent illumination at 671 nm and a near-field scanning optical microscope probe which was mounted on a three-axis piezonanopositioning stage, a sequence of two-dimensional intensity profiles were obtained. Our experimental results reveal the smallest focal spot with a near diffraction-limited full width at half-maximum of ∼ 435 nm (0.65λ) at a distance of ∼ 1.47 μm (2.2λ) from the output end face of microtube. The experimental results are in agreement with our numerical simulation.
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42.79.-e Optical elements, devices, and systems

Polarization asymmetry and optical modal gain saturation via carrier–photon interaction in ZnO

Bumjin Kim, Heedae Kim, Sungkyun Park, Kwangseuk Kyhm, and Chaeryong Cho

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041115 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3473729 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 29 July 2010

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The polarization dependence of modal gain was examined in ZnO using a variable stripe length method, where the transverse electric (TE) mode gain was dominant over the transverse magnetic (TM) mode gain due to the polarization asymmetry of the wurtzite structure. Modal gain saturation was also investigated using a modal gain contour map for the wavelength and stripe length. The TE modal gain and degree of polarization increased with increasing stripe length up to a threshold length ( ∼ 100 μm). At longer stripe lengths, rapid reduction in the carrier density along the stripe resulted in gain saturation and a spectral redshift.
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78.66.Hf II-VI semiconductors
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
42.70.-a Optical materials

Spin modulation in semiconductor lasers

Jeongsu Lee, William Falls, Rafal Oszwałdowski, and Igor Žutić

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041116 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3473759 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 29 July 2010

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We provide an analytic study of the dynamics of semiconductor lasers with injection (pump) of spin-polarized electrons, previously considered in the steady-state regime. Using complementary approaches of quasistatic and small signal analyses, we elucidate how the spin modulation in semiconductor lasers can improve performance, as compared to the conventional (spin-unpolarized) counterparts. We reveal that the spin-polarized injection can lead to an enhanced bandwidth and desirable switching properties of spin-lasers.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking

Photonic crystal reflectance switching by dye electrophoresis

Joshua D. Krabbe and Michael J. Brett

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041117 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3473827 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 29 July 2010

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Reflectivity of a photonic crystal device fabricated by glancing angle deposition may be reversibly altered by infiltration with an absorbing dye solution. An electric field controls the dye ion motion through the photonic crystal. Rapid reflectance changes up to 0.4 in the crystal’s optical band gap are demonstrated. The time evolution of the dye movement process is examined and its operation described. This work may have applications for a passive optical display.
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42.65.Pc Optical bistability, multistability, and switching, including local field effects
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials
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Plane and hemispherical potential structures in magnetically expanding plasmas

Kazunori Takahashi, Yuichi Igarashi, and Tamiya Fujiwara

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041501 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3467857 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 28 July 2010

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Two-dimensional potential structures are measured for different gas pressure in expanding argon plasma using permanent magnets, where the magnetic field is about 100 G in the source and several gauss in the diffusion chamber. The plane potential drop is observed near the source exit for 0.35 mTorr, while the potential structure becomes hemispherical when increasing up to 1 mTorr; the hemispherical structure results in the radial divergence of the ion beam. It is found that the trajectories of the accelerated ions and the electrons overcoming the potential drop are dominated by the potential structure and magnetic-field lines, respectively.
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52.30.Cv Magnetohydrodynamics (including electron magnetohydrodynamics)

Recombination effects during expansion into vacuum in laser produced Sn plasma

Russell A. Burdt, Yoshifumi Ueno, Yezheng Tao, Sam Yuspeh, Mark S. Tillack, and Farrokh Najmabadi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041502 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3473817 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 30 July 2010

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The distance over which the charge state distribution evolves during the expansion of laser produced Sn plasma in vacuum is investigated experimentally. This distance is found to be less than 6 cm with a planar target irradiated by a 1.064 μm laser at 8.3×1011 W/cm2 but greater than 60 cm when a 10.6 μm laser at 2.5×1010 W/cm2 is used. The difference is attributed to the laser wavelength dependence of the coronal electron density and the subsequent recombination processes during expansion. Important implications to the extreme ultraviolet x-ray source application are discussed specifically.
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52.50.Jm Plasma production and heating by laser beams (laser-foil, laser-cluster, etc.)
52.25.-b Plasma properties

Dielectric barrier discharge control of a turbulent boundary layer in a supersonic flow

S. Im, H. Do, and M. A. Cappelli

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041503 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3473820 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 30 July 2010

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We demonstrate effective manipulation of a turbulent boundary layer at Mach 4.7 conditions using a surface dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) actuator. The freestream conditions of low static pressure (1 kPa) and temperature (60 K) are conducive to the visualization of flow features using Rayleigh scattering from condensed CO2 particles. The boundary layer thinning is observed when spanwise momentum is induced by the low power (6.8 W), low frequency (28 kHz) single actuator pair oriented parallel to the freestream flow.
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52.80.-s Electric discharges
47.27.nb Boundary layer turbulence
47.80.Jk Flow visualization and imaging
52.38.Bv Rayleigh scattering; stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering
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Percolation and polaritonic effects in periodic planar nanostructures evolving from holes to islands

Y. Peng, T. Paudel, W.-C. Chen, W. J. Padilla, Z. F. Ren, and K. Kempa

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041901 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3462935 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 26 July 2010

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We study interaction of the electromagnetic radiation with a series of thin film periodic nanostructures evolving from holes to islands. We show, through model calculations, simulations, and experiments, that the responses of these structures evolve accordingly, with two topologically distinct spectral types for holes and islands. We find also, that the response at the transitional pattern is singular. We show that the corresponding effective dielectric function follows the critical behavior predicted by the percolation theory and thus the hole-to-island structural evolution in this series is a topological analog of the percolation problem, with the percolation threshold at the transitional pattern.
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64.60.ah Percolation
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
71.45.Gm Exchange, correlation, dielectric and magnetic response functions, plasmons
02.40.Pc General topology
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
71.36.+c Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions)
41.20.Jb Electromagnetic wave propagation; radiowave propagation

Hydrostatic pressure decreases the proton mobility in the hydrated BaZr0.9Y0.1O3 proton conductor

Qianli Chen, Artur Braun, Alejandro Ovalle, Cristian-Daniel Savaniu, Thomas Graule, and Nikolai Bagdassarov

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041902 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3464162 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 27 July 2010

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Impedance spectroscopy on the hydrated proton conductor BaZr0.9Y0.1O3 at high temperatures shows that the bulk proton conductivity activation energy Eb scales with the strain parameter ε, as achieved by hydrostatic pressures up to 2 GPa, suggesting that large lattices favor proton diffusivity. At high temperature, Eb increases upon pressure by 40%. The grain boundary activation energy Eg is around twice as Eb, indicating higher proton mobility in grain boundaries as a result of pressure induced sintering. An expanded lattice with strain parameter ε>1 should have lower Eb, suggesting that thin films expansive tensile strain could have larger proton conductivity.
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66.30.hp Molecular crystals
81.05.-t Specific materials: fabrication, treatment, testing, and analysis
62.50.-p High-pressure effects in solids and liquids
82.80.Fk Electrochemical methods
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
81.05.Je Ceramics and refractories (including borides, carbides, hydrides, nitrides, oxides, and silicides)

Goos–Hänchen shift of the reflection from nonlinear nanocomposites with electric field tunability

Dongliang Gao and Lei Gao

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041903 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3470000 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 27 July 2010

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A structure of nonlinear metal-dielectric nanocomposites is proposed to control the lateral shift of the reflected beam by tuning an applied electric field. Based on spectral representation theory and stationary phase method, the lateral shift is found to exhibit hysteretic effects including single optical bistability, double optical bistability, and optical tristability. As a consequence, it can be manipulated via the applied field. Moreover, the shift is strongly dependent on the volume fraction, the shape of the metallic particles, and the incident angle. Numerical simulations based on Gaussian waves are in good agreement with our theoretical calculations.
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78.67.Sc Nanoaggregates; nanocomposites
77.84.Lf Composite materials
42.65.Pc Optical bistability, multistability, and switching, including local field effects

Effect of edge smoothening on the extinction spectra of metal nanoparticles

J. Jayabalan, Asha Singh, and Rama Chari

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041904 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3464321 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 28 July 2010

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To calculate the extinction spectrum of a metal nanoparticle, it is common to use a regular shape which is close to the experimental one. We show that, to model a real metal particle, it is essential to remove sharp corners and tips and smoothen the bounding surface. An efficient and simple method to smoothen the tips and corners of the model shape of the particle is presented. The extinction calculated using smoothed particles predicts more accurately the extinction spectrum of as grown particles as well as the changes in the extinction spectrum during melting and reshaping of the particle.
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68.37.-d Microscopy of surfaces, interfaces, and thin films
61.46.Df Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots)
78.67.Bf Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters
64.70.dj Melting of specific substances
73.22.Lp Collective excitations
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)

Silver induced faceting of Si(112)

T. Nabbefeld, C. Wiethoff, F.-J. Meyer zu Heringdorf, and M. Horn-von Hoegen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041905 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3464555 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 28 July 2010

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Si nanowires grown in ultrahigh vacuum by metal-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid epitaxy are known to exhibit sidewalls with {112}-type orientation. For some metals the sidewalls show pronounced faceting. Ag induced faceting on Si(112) surfaces was studied in situ by spot-profile-analyzing low energy electron diffraction and ex situ atomic force microscopy. The (112) surface decomposes into (115)- and (111)-(math×math)-facets, both of which are Ag terminated. The width of the facets is kinetically limited and varies between 6 nm at T<550 °C and 30 nm at T = 690 °C.
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68.65.La Quantum wires (patterned in quantum wells)
61.46.Km Structure of nanowires and nanorods (long, free or loosely attached, quantum wires and quantum rods, but not gate-isolated embedded quantum wires)
68.35.bg Semiconductors
81.07.Gf Nanowires
81.16.Hc Catalytic methods
82.65.+r Surface and interface chemistry; heterogeneous catalysis at surfaces
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