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2 Aug 2010

Volume 97, Issue 5, Articles (05xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 051101 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3470591 (3 pages)

Pascal Böhi, Max F. Riedel, Theodor W. Hänsch, and Philipp Treutlein
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Low-power write-once-read-many-times memory devices

Jianpu Wang, Feng Gao, and Neil C. Greenham

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 053301 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3473775 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 2 August 2010

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We introduce low-power write-once-read-many-times memory devices fabricated from solution. These devices are based on an electron-only structure using colloidal ZnO semiconductor nanoparticles and the doped conjugated polymer polyethylenedioxythiophene doped with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS). The conductive p-doped conjugated polymer is permanently dedoped by injected electrons, producing an insulating state. This demonstration provides a class of memory devices with the potential for extremely low-cost, low-power-consumption applications, such as radio-frequency identification tags.
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84.30.Sk Pulse and digital circuits
42.79.Vb Optical storage systems, optical disks
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Flame-made niobium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles in bulk heterojunction solar cells

Viruntachar Kruefu, Eric Peterson, Chanitpa Khantha, Chawarat Siriwong, Sukon Phanichphant, and David L. Carroll

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 053302 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3465866 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 2 August 2010

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We report fabrication and measurement of bulk heterojunction solar cells utilizing a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) composite loaded with different concentrations of niobium doped zinc oxide (Nb/ZnO) nanoparticles produced by flame spray pyrolysis. Nanoparticles with different niobium concentrations were compared, along with devices without Nb/ZnO nanoparticles and with undoped ZnO nanoparticles. It was found that niobium doping leads to a slight increase in open circuit voltage and an increase in short circuit current that scales with niobium concentration. Additional comparison was made between the nanoparticles with 3% niobium by weight to unloaded devices. These also showed a similar open circuit voltage increase and an increase in current that scales with Nb/ZnO nanoparticle concentration to 30% by volume and drops off at 33% Nb/ZnO by volume. Possible mechanisms for these improvements are discussed.
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81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
81.16.Be Chemical synthesis methods
81.05.Cy Elemental semiconductors
88.40.jp Multijunction solar cells
82.45.Yz Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry
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Inverted tandem organic solar cells with a MoO3/Ag/Al/Ca intermediate layer

X. W. Sun, D. W. Zhao, L. Ke, A. K. K. Kyaw, G. Q. Lo, and D. L. Kwong

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 053303 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3469928 (3 pages) | Cited 18 times

Online Publication Date: 2 August 2010

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An inverted tandem organic solar cell, consisting of two bulk heterojunction subcells with identical poly(3-hexylthiophene) and 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1-phenyl-(6,6)C61 active layer, and an intermediate layer made of ultrathin multiple metal layers of Ca/Al/Ag and metal oxide MoO3, is reported. This intermediate layer is of advantage in high transparency and low series resistance. Moreover, it serves as the charge recombination center effectively, and renders an exact summation of the open-circuit voltages (1.18 V) of the two subcells and a high fill factor (61.8%). The maximum power conversion efficiency obtained is 2.78% under simulated 100 mW/cm2 [air mass (AM) 1.5G] solar irradiation, comparable to those of the two subcells.
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88.40.H- Solar cells (photovoltaics)
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High performance organic transistors: Percolating arrays of nanotubes functionalized with an electron deficient olefin

Mandakini Kanungo, George G. Malliaras, and Graciela B. Blanchet

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 053304 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3457171 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 3 August 2010

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Precise control over the electronic properties of carbon nanotubes is key to their application in plastic electronics. In the present work, we have functionalized carbon nanotubes with an electron withdrawing nonfluorinated olefins via a 2−2 cycloaddition reaction. Our results suggest that the formation of cyclobutanelike four-member ring at the functionalization site is a fairly general approach, independent of specifics of the addend, to converting the grown mixture of metal and semiconductor tubes into high mobility semiconducting tubes without tedious separation requirements. Thin film transistors fabricated from such functionalized tubes exhibit mobilities of ∼ 30 cm2/V s and on/off ratios in excess of 106. This simple functionalization represents a low cost path to high performance semiconducting inks for printable electronics.
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73.22.-f Electronic structure of nanoscale materials and related systems
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Effects of active layer thickness and thermal annealing on polythiophene: Fullerene bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices

Lichang Zeng, Ching W. Tang, and Shaw H. Chen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 053305 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3474654 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 4 August 2010

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The effect of thermal annealing on photovoltaic devices comprising poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) with thicknesses up to 1200 nm was investigated. Without thermal annealing, the efficiency of the as-prepared devices decreased with increasing active layer thickness, reflecting largely a reduction in the short-circuit current density and an inverse photocurrent spectral response. Thermal annealing of the full devices was found to substantially recover thick-film device efficiencies while reducing the thin-film device efficiencies. The profound variations in photovoltaic characteristics were interpreted in terms of vertical phase separation in the P3HT:PCBM blend film and Li+ diffusion from the LiF/Al contact.
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88.40.hj Efficiency and performance of solar cells
85.60.Bt Optoelectronic device characterization, design, and modeling
81.05.Lg Polymers and plastics; rubber; synthetic and natural fibers; organometallic and organic materials
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