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16 Aug 2010

Volume 97, Issue 7, Articles (07xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 073101 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3478515 (3 pages)

Hon-Way Lin (林弘偉), Yu-Jung Lu (呂宥蓉), Hung-Ying Chen (陳虹穎), Hong-Mao Lee (李弘貿), and Shangjr Gwo (果尚志)
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Direct measurement of the magnetic field effects on carrier mobilities and recombination in tri-(8-hydroxyquinoline)-aluminum based light-emitting diodes

Feng Li, Linyuan Xin, Shiyong Liu, and Bin Hu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 073301 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3478014 (3 pages) | Cited 17 times

Online Publication Date: 17 August 2010

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The magnetic field effects on the carrier mobilities and recombination in tri-(8-hydroxyquinoline)-aluminum (Alq3) based light-emitting diodes have been measured by the method of transient electroluminescence. It is confirmed that the magnetic field has no effect on the electron and hole mobilities in Alq3 layers and can decrease the electron-hole recombination coefficient. The results imply that the dominant mechanism for the magnetic field effects in Alq3 based light-emitting diodes is the interconversion between singlet e-h pairs and triplet e-h pairs modulated by the magnetic field when the driving voltage is larger than the onset voltage of the electroluminescence.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
72.20.Fr Low-field transport and mobility; piezoresistance
72.20.Jv Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping
71.35.-y Excitons and related phenomena
78.60.Fi Electroluminescence
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Organic heterojunction photodiodes exhibiting low voltage, imaging-speed photocurrent gain

William T. Hammond and Jiangeng Xue

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 073302 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3481407 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 18 August 2010

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We report the demonstration of fast and strong photocurrent gain in organic photodiodes with tailored charge blocking layers. The hole blocking layer between the anode and the photoactive layer leads to accumulation of photogenerated holes at its interface with the active layer, which causes a strong secondary electron injection from the anode and as such a high photocurrent gain. Using a bulk heterojunction of C60 and copper phthalocyanine as the active layer, we have achieved photocurrent gains up to 500 across the visible spectrum and bandwidths on the order of 1 kHz, well above the imaging-compatible bandwidth (>60 Hz).
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85.60.Dw Photodiodes; phototransistors; photoresistors
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In situ ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy measurement of the pentacene-RuO2/Ti contact energy structure

Dong-Jin Yun, Seunghyup Lee, Kijung Yong, and Shi-Woo Rhee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 073303 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3481084 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 20 August 2010

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In situ ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy was used during the pentacene layer growth on ruthenium and ruthenium oxide films to measure the energy barrier in the metal-semiconductor contact. The measurement showed that ruthenium oxide film formed lower hole-injection barrier with pentacene than ruthenium or gold metal film due to its high work function of 4.92 eV and low resistivity of ∼ 350 μΩ cm. Pentacene thin film transistor with ruthenium oxide electrode showed higher mobility of 0.435 cm2/V s and on-off ratio of 106 than ruthenium (μ: 0.205 cm2/V s, on/off ratio: 106) or gold electrode (μ: 0.338 cm2/V s, on/off ratio: 106) of the same structure.
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73.40.Ns Metal-nonmetal contacts
73.30.+y Surface double layers, Schottky barriers, and work functions
85.30.Tv Field effect devices
73.50.Dn Low-field transport and mobility; piezoresistance
68.55.ag Semiconductors
81.05.Fb Organic semiconductors
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Maximizing the open-circuit voltage of polymer: Fullerene solar cells

J. C. Bijleveld, R. A. M. Verstrijden, M. M. Wienk, and R. A. J. Janssen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 073304 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3480598 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 20 August 2010

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The open-circuit voltage (Voc) of bulk heterojunction solar cells based on polymers and fullerene derivatives is limited to ∼ 1.15 V by the optical band gap of the fullerene of ∼ 1.75 eV and the required 0.6 eV offset for efficient charge generation. In practice this limit has not yet been reached. We present a semiconducting polymer that gives Voc = 1.15 V. To reach this value the surface of the hole collecting electrode is modified by UV-ozone, which increases the work function and creates an Ohmic contact. Under simulated AM1.5 conditions optimized cells provide a power conversion efficiency of ∼ 1%.
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88.40.jp Multijunction solar cells
88.40.H- Solar cells (photovoltaics)
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
73.30.+y Surface double layers, Schottky barriers, and work functions
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