APL Nameplate
  • Volume/Page
  • Keyword
  • DOI
  • Citation
  • Advanced
   
 
 
 

Flickr Twitter UniPHY Group iResearch App Facebook

Applied Physics Letters / Volume 97 / Issue 9 / ORGANIC ELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS
FREE

FULL-TEXT OPTIONS:

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 093304 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3486225 (3 pages)

Electro-optic polymer infiltrated silicon photonic crystal slot waveguide modulator with 23 dB slow light enhancement

Che-Yun Lin1, Xiaolong Wang2, Swapnajit Chakravarty2, Beom Suk Lee1, Weicheng Lai1, Jingdong Luo3, Alex K.-Y. Jen3, and Ray T. Chen1

1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
2Omega Optics Inc., Austin, Texas 78759, USA
3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

View MapView Map

(Received 27 June 2010; accepted 15 August 2010; published online 3 September 2010)

A silicon/organic hybrid modulator integrating photonic crystal (PC) waveguide, 75 nm slot, and electro-optic (EO) polymer is experimentally demonstrated. Slow light in PC waveguide and strong field confinement in slot waveguide enable ultraefficient EO modulation with a record-low Vπ×L of 0.56 V mm and an in-device effective r33 of 132 pm/V. This result makes it the most efficient EO polymer modulator demonstrated to date. The modulated signal shows strong wavelength dependence and peak enhancement of 23 dB near the band edge of defect mode, which confirms the signature of the slow light effect.

© 2010 American Institute of Physics

RELATED DATABASES

Scopus

View This Record in Scopus

Web of Science

View this record in Web of Science

View Web of Science related articles

KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

electro-optical modulation, elemental semiconductors, optical polymers, optical waveguides, photonic crystals, silicon, slow light

PACS

  • 42.79.Hp

    Optical processors, correlators, and modulators

  • 42.70.Qs

    Photonic bandgap materials

  • 42.79.Gn

    Optical waveguides and couplers

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3486225

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0003-6951 (print)  
1077-3118 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

  1. Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, Nature (London) 435, 325 (2005). [MEDLINE]
  2. A. Liu, R. Jones, L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, D. Rubin, O. Cohen, R. Nicolaescu, and M. Paniccia, Nature (London) 427, 615 (2004). [MEDLINE]
  3. T. Gray, T. -D. Kim, D. B. Knorr, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. M. Overney, Nano Lett. 8, 754 (2008). [MEDLINE]
  4. M. Lee, H. E. Katz, C. Erben, D. M. Gill, P. Gopalan, J. D. Heber, and D. J. McGee, Science 298, 1401 (2002). [Inspec] [MEDLINE]
  5. D. Chen, H. R. Fetterman, A. Chen, W. H. Steier, L. R. Dalton, W. Wang, and Y. Shi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 3335 (1997)APPLAB000070000025003335000001. [ISI]
  6. Y. Enami, C. T. Derose, D. Mathine, C. Loychik, C. Greenlee, R. A. Norwood, T. D. Kim, J. Luo, Y. Tian, A. K. Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, Nat. Photonics 1, 180 (2007).
  7. Y. Enami, D. Mathine, C. T. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 093505 (2007)APPLAB000091000009093505000001.
  8. Y. Jiang, W. Jiang, L. Gu, X. Chen, and R. T. Chen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 221105 (2005)APPLAB000087000022221105000001.
  9. D. M. Beggs, T. P. White, L. O'Faolain, and T. F. Krauss, Opt. Lett. 33, 147 (2008). [MEDLINE]
  10. T. Baehr-Jones, B. Penkov, J. Huang, P. Sullivan, J. Davies, J. Takayesu, J. Luo, T. -D. Kim, L. Dalton, A. Jen, M. Hochberg, and A. Scherer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 163303 (2008)APPLAB000092000016163303000001.
  11. X. Chen, A. X. Wang, S. Chakravarty, and R. T. Chen, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15, 1506 (2009).
  12. Z. Wang, N. Zhu, Y. Tang, L. Wosinski, D. Dai, and S. He, Opt. Lett. 34, 1498 (2009). [MEDLINE]
  13. H. Chen, B. Chen, D. Huang, D. Jin, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, and R. Dinu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 043507 (2008)APPLAB000093000004043507000001.
  14. M. R. Patterson, S. Hughes, S. Schulz, D. M. Beggs, T. P. White, L. O'Faolain, and T. F. Krauss, Phys. Rev. B 80, 195305 (2009).
  15. P. Pottier, M. Gnan, and R. M. De La Rue, Opt. Express 15, 6569 (2007). [MEDLINE]
  16. C. -Y. Lin, B. Lee, A. X. Wang, W. -C. Lai, S. Chakravarty, Y. Liu, D. Kwong, R. T. Chen, J. Luo, and A. K. Y. Jen, Proc. SPIE 7607, 76070D (2010)PSISDG00760700000176070D000001.
  17. J. H. Wülbern, J. Hampe, A. Petrov, M. Eich, J. Luo, A. K. Y. Jen, A. Di Falco, T. F. Krauss, and J. Bruns, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 241107 (2009)APPLAB000094000024241107000001.

View Scopus articles citing this one (16) Scopus Help

Figures (click on thumbnails to view enlargements)

FIG.1
Schematic of the input strip waveguide, optical mode converter, PC taper, and modulation region.

FIG.1 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.2
(a) Enlarged portion of the dispersion diagram for the guided mode. (b) Group index (ng) and normalized in-slot optical power of the guided mode as a function of the optical wavelength. Optical mode profile at ng = 100 is shown in inset.

FIG.2 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.3
(a) Optical microscope picture of the fabricated MZM structure. (b) SEMs picture showing the enlarged view of the dotted square area in (a). (c) Cross-sectional SEM picture take across the dotted line in (b) after covering the entire structure in (a) with AJ-CKL1/APC. Complete infiltration of EO polymer into the 217 nm air holes and 75 nm slot is confirmed.

FIG.3 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.4
Low frequency modulation transfer-function measurement at 1564.5 nm wavelength: upper, applied voltage; lower, optical output signal. The half-wave voltage Vπ is determined by finding the difference between the applied voltage at which the optical output is at a maximum and the voltage at which the optical output is at the next minimum.

FIG.4 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.5
Wavelength dependence of normalized modulated signal (blue) and normalized optical transmission (black). Four distinct regions are shown in this figure: normal group velocity region with high optical transmission and low modulated signal (blue); transitional region with gradually decreased optical transmission and rapidly increased modulated signal (light orange); slow light region with relatively low optical transmission but extremely high E-O modulation (orange); photonic band gap and beyond with minimized modulation (gray).

FIG.5 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint



Close

Google Calendar

ADVERTISEMENT

Your Recent History Recent History Help

Recently Viewed

  1. Electro-optic polymer infiltrated silicon photonic crystal slot waveguide modulator with 23 dB slow light enhancement
  2. Charge injection barrier and interface dipole formation in pentacene/semimetal heterostructures
  3. All-optical intensity modulation of near infrared light in a liquid crystal channel waveguide
  4. Effects of gate electrode work function on electrical characteristics of pentacene-based field-effect devices
  5. Photovoltaic nanopillar radial junction diode architecture enhanced by integrating semiconductor quantum dot nanocrystals as light harvesters
Go to AIP Home
Copyright © American Institute of Physics
close