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21 Mar 2011

Volume 98, Issue 12, Articles (12xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 123101 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3567492 (3 pages)

Linus C. Chuang, Michael Moewe, Kar Wei Ng, Thai-Truong D. Tran, Shanna Crankshaw, Roger Chen, Wai Son Ko, and Connie Chang-Hasnain
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Highly-efficient single-cell capture in microfluidic array chips using differential hydrodynamic guiding structures

Jaehoon Chung, Young-Ji Kim, and Euisik Yoon

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 123701 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3565236 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 21 March 2011

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This paper presents a highly efficient single cell capture scheme using hydrodynamic guiding structures in a microwell array. The implemented structure has a capturing efficiency of >80%, and has a capacity to place individual cells into separated microwells, allowing for the time-lapse monitoring on single cell behavior. Feasibility was tested by injecting microbeads (15 μm in diameter) and prostate cancer PC3 cells in an 8×8 microwell array chip and >80% of the microwells were occupied by single ones. Using the chips, the number of cells required for cell assays can be dramatically reduced and this will facilitate overcoming a huddle of assays with scarce supply of cells.
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87.80.Ek Mechanical and micromechanical techniques
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
47.85.Np Fluidics

Nanostructured nickel oxide-chitosan film for application to cholesterol sensor

Jay Singh, Prasanta Kalita, Manish Kumar Singh, and B. D. Malhotra

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 123702 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3553765 (3 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 21 March 2011

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Cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) physisorbed onto NiO nanoparticles (nNiO, 22 nm)— chitosan (CHIT) film prepared using coprecipitation method has been characterized using x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The results of electrochemical response studies conducted on ChOx/nan-NiO-CHIT/ITO bioelectrode show linearity of 10–400 mg/dl, detection limit of 43.4 mg/dl, sensitivity of 0.808 μA/(mg dl cm2), fast response time of 15 s, and shelf-life of about 10 weeks. The low value of Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) obtained as 0.67 mM indicates high affinity of ChOx toward the substrate.
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87.85.fk Biosensors
87.15.R- Reactions and kinetics
87.14.ej Enzymes
87.85.J- Biomaterials
87.85.Rs Nanotechnologies-applications

Pyroelectric, piezoelectric, and photoeffects in hydroxyapatite thin films on silicon

S. B. Lang, S. A. M. Tofail, A. A. Gandhi, M. Gregor, C. Wolf-Brandstetter, J. Kost, S. Bauer, and M. Krause

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 123703 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3571294 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 24 March 2011

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Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the major component of bone and is used in artificial form in many biomedical applications. It was once believed to have a centrosymmetric crystal structure. In theoretical and experimental studies published in 2005, it was shown to have a monoclinic P21 structure. In the work reported here, 500 nm films of HA were spin-coated on silicon wafers. The materials were not poled. They had a nonuniform polarization distribution and exhibited pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and photoeffects. Structures of this type may have a number of technological applications.
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77.55.hn Other piezoelectric or electrostrictive films
87.85.jc Electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of biological matter
77.65.-j Piezoelectricity and electromechanical effects
77.55.Kt Pyroelectric films
77.70.+a Pyroelectric and electrocaloric effects
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization

A soft and dexterous motor

Iain A. Anderson, Tony Chun Hin Tse, Tokushu Inamura, Benjamin M. O’Brien, Thomas McKay, and Todd Gisby

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 123704 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3565195 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 24 March 2011

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We present a soft, bearing-free artificial muscle motor that cannot only turn a shaft but also grip and reposition it through a flexible gear. The bearing-free operation provides a foundation for low complexity soft machines, with multiple degree-of-freedom actuation, that can act simultaneously as motors and manipulators. The mechanism also enables an artificial muscle controlled gear change. Future work will include self-sensing feedback for precision, multidegree-of-freedom operation.
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87.85.F- Smart prosthetics
87.85.St Robotics

Highly sensitive ion detection using Si single-electron transistors

Takashi Kudo and Anri Nakajima

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 123705 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3569148 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 24 March 2011

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Si single-electron transistors (SETs) were used for highly sensitive ion detection. A multiple-island channel structure was adapted in the SET for room-temperature operation. Clear Coulomb oscillation and diamonds were observed at room temperature. Using the Coulomb oscillation, clear pH responses of drain current (Id)-gate voltage (Vg) characteristics were obtained despite the existence of Id noise. Because Coulomb oscillations have a possibility to increase the slope of Id over Vg near the half-maximum current of the peaks, high resolving power of ion, and/or biomolecule concentration can be expected. A Si-structure will make it possible to integrate the sensors on a single chip.
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07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
82.80.-d Chemical analysis and related physical methods of analysis
85.30.Tv Field effect devices
85.35.Gv Single electron devices
87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)
87.14.-g Biomolecules: types

Formation of superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic patterns by combination of nanostructure-imprinted perfluoropolymer and nanostructured silicon oxide for biological droplet generation

Taizo Kobayashi, Kazunori Shimizu, Yoshihiro Kaizuma, and Satoshi Konishi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 123706 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3570627 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 25 March 2011

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In this letter, we report a technology for fabricating superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic patterns using a combination of a nanostructure-imprinted perfluoropolymer and nanostructured silicon oxide. In our previous study, we used a combination of hydrophobic and superhydrophilic materials. However, it was difficult to split low-surface-tension liquids such as biological liquids into droplets solely using hydrophobic/hydrophilic patterns. In this study, the contact angle of the hydrophobic region was enhanced from 109.3° to 155.6° by performing nanostructure imprinting on a damage-reduced perfluoropolymer. The developed superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic patterns allowed the splitting of even those media that contained fetal bovine serum into droplets of a desired shape.
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87.85.Rs Nanotechnologies-applications
87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)
81.16.Rf Micro- and nanoscale pattern formation
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