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4 Apr 2011

Volume 98, Issue 14, Articles (14xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 141903 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3548546 (3 pages)

H. Hattab, A. T. N’Diaye, D. Wall, G. Jnawali, J. Coraux, C. Busse, R. van Gastel, B. Poelsema, T. Michely, F.-J. Meyer zu Heringdorf, and M. Horn-von Hoegen
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Unidirectional, electrotactic-response valve for Caenorhabditis elegans in microfluidic devices

John A. Carr, Roy Lycke, Archana Parashar, and Santosh Pandey

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 143701 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3570629 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 4 April 2011

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We report a nematode electrotactic-response valve (NERV) to control the locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) in microfluidic devices. This nonmechanical, unidirectional valve is based on creating a confined region of lateral electric field that is switchable and reversible. We observed that C. elegans do not prefer to pass through this region if the field lines are incident to its forward movement. Upon reaching the boundary of the NERV, the incident worms partially penetrate the field region, pull back, and turn around. The NERV is tested on three C. elegans mutants: wild-type (N2), lev-8, and acr-16.
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87.80.Ek Mechanical and micromechanical techniques
87.85.Ox Biomedical instrumentation and transducers, including micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)
87.19.R- Mechanical and electrical properties of tissues and organs
87.19.lt Sensory systems: visual, auditory, tactile, taste, and olfaction
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
47.85.Np Fluidics

Reactive hydroxyl radical-driven oral bacterial inactivation by radio frequency atmospheric plasma

Sung Kil Kang, Myeong Yeol Choi, Il Gyo Koo, Paul Y. Kim, Yoonsun Kim, Gon Jun Kim, Abdel-Aleam H. Mohamed, George J. Collins, and Jae Koo Lee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 143702 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3574639 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 4 April 2011

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We demonstrated bacterial (Streptococcus mutans) inactivation by a radio frequency power driven atmospheric pressure plasma torch with H2O2 entrained in the feedstock gas. Optical emission spectroscopy identified substantial excited state •OH generation inside the plasma and relative •OH formation was verified by optical absorption. The bacterial inactivation rate increased with increasing •OH generation and reached a maximum 5-log10 reduction with 0.6% H2O2 vapor. Generation of large amounts of toxic ozone is drawback of plasma bacterial inactivation, thus it is significant that the ozone concentration falls within recommended safe allowable levels with addition of H2O2 vapor to the plasma.
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87.53.Ay Biophysical mechanisms of interaction
52.75.Hn Plasma torches

Excitation of Cy5 in self-assembled lipid bilayers using optical microresonators

Lindsay M. Freeman, Su Li, Yasaman Dayani, Hong-Seok Choi, Noah Malmstadt, and Andrea M. Armani

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 143703 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3576908 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 6 April 2011

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Due to their sensitivity and temporal response, optical microresonators are used extensively in the biosensor arena, particularly in the development of label-free diagnostics and measurement of protein kinetics. In the present letter, we investigate using microcavities to probe molecules within biomimetic membranes. Specifically, a method for self-assembling lipid bilayers on spherical microresonators is developed and the bilayer-nature is verified. Subsequently, the microcavity is used to excite a Cy5-conjugated lipid located within the bilayer while the optical performance of the microcavity is characterized. The emission wavelength of the dye and the optical behavior of the microcavity agree with theoretical predictions.
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87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)
87.16.dr Assembly and interactions

Identifying severity of electroporation through quantitative image analysis

Bashir I. Morshed, Maitham Shams, and Tofy Mussivand

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 143704 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3575561 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 8 April 2011

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Electroporation is the formation of reversible hydrophilic pores in the cell membrane under electric fields. Severity of electroporation is challenging to measure and quantify. An image analysis method is developed, and the initial results with a fabricated microfluidic device are reported. The microfluidic device contains integrated microchannels and coplanar interdigitated electrodes allowing low-voltage operation and low-power consumption. Noninvasive human buccal cell samples were specifically stained, and electroporation was induced. Captured image sequences were analyzed for pixel color ranges to quantify the severity of electroporation. The method can detect even a minor occurrence of electroporation and can perform comparative studies.
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87.80.Kc Electrochemical techniques
07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
87.16.D- Membranes, bilayers, and vesicles
87.17.-d Cell processes
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