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25 Apr 2011

Volume 98, Issue 17, Articles (17xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 171102 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3582035 (3 pages)

Shigeru Nakayama, Satomi Ishida, Satoshi Iwamoto, and Yasuhiko Arakawa
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A simple parallel tandem organic solar cell based on metallophthalocyanines

Avery P. Yuen, Ah-Mee Hor, John S. Preston, Richard Klenkler, Nathan M. Bamsey, and Rafik O. Loutfy

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 173301 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3579250 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 27 April 2011

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A simple parallel tandem solar cell based on a combination of Zn-phthalocyanine (Pc) and ClInPc has been fabricated and characterized. Compared to a traditional series tandem cell, parallel tandem cells eliminate the need for a semitransparent recombination layer, reducing the complexity of device fabrication while still providing an excellent increase in device performance. Results show a realized broadening of the spectral response and enhancement of the external quantum efficiency as a result of the complementary absorption profiles of ZnPc and ClInPc in the near infrared region. Introduction of a blended ClInPc:C60 layer is shown to more than double the power conversion efficiency of a standard ZnPc/C60 bilayer device (PCE = 0.86%). The enhanced performance of the parallel tandem (PCE = 1.81%) arises from an increase in both the open circuit voltage and the short circuit current.
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88.40.jr Organic photovoltaics
88.40.hj Efficiency and performance of solar cells
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Enhancement of current injection in organic light emitting diodes with sputter treated molybdenum oxides as hole injection layers

Po-Sheng Wang, I-Wen Wu, Wei-Hsuan Tseng, Mei-Hsin Chen, and Chih-I Wu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 173302 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3579532 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 27 April 2011

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The enhancement of current density and luminance in organic light emitting diodes is achieved by treating molybdenum oxide (MoO3) hole-injection-layers with slight argon ion sputtering. The sputter treated MoO3 layers provide improvement in current injection efficiency, resulting in better current density which is about ten times higher than that of the reference devices. Photoemission spectroscopy shows that molybdenum in MoO3 is reduced to lower oxidation states after sputter treatment due to the removal of oxygen. As a result, gap states are formed to enhance metallic characteristics of the sputter treated MoO3 surface and facilitate better hole injection efficiency.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
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Homogeneous dispersion of organic p-dopants in an organic semiconductor as an origin of high charge generation efficiency

Jae-Hyun Lee, Hyun-Mi Kim, Ki-Bum Kim, Ryota Kabe, Pavel Anzenbacher, Jr., and Jang-Joo Kim

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 173303 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3569144 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 27 April 2011

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We report that an organic p-dopant tri[1,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)ethane-1,2-dithiolene] [Mo(tfd)3] resulted in higher density of holes than inorganic metal oxide dopants of ReO3 or MoO3 in 1,4-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N′-phenylamino]-4,4′-diamine even though the metal oxide dopants possess deeper work functions compared to Mo(tfd)3. Higher charge generation efficiency results largely from the homogeneous dispersion of Mo(tfd)3 in the host. In contradistinction, the transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed a formation of metal oxide nanoclusters. This highlights the importance of homogeneous dispersion for an efficient doping.
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61.72.up Other materials
73.50.Gr Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, trapping, mean free paths
73.50.Dn Low-field transport and mobility; piezoresistance
73.61.Ph Polymers; organic compounds
73.30.+y Surface double layers, Schottky barriers, and work functions
61.46.Bc Structure of clusters (e.g., metcars; not fragments of crystals; free or loosely aggregated or loosely attached to a substrate)
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Employing exciton transfer molecules to increase the lifetime of phosphorescent red organic light emitting diodes

Florian Lindla, Manuel Boesing, Philipp van Gemmern, Dietrich Bertram, Dietmar Keiper, Michael Heuken, Holger Kalisch, and Rolf H. Jansen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 173304 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3584033 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 29 April 2011

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The lifetime of phosphorescent red organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is investigated employing either N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-naphthylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (NPB), TMM117, or 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)-triphenylamine (TCTA) as hole-conducting host material (mixed with an electron conductor). All OLED (organic vapor phase deposition-processed) show similar efficiencies around 30 lm/W but strongly different lifetimes. Quickly degrading OLED based on TCTA can be stabilized by doping exciton transfer molecules [tris-(phenyl-pyridyl)-Ir (Ir(ppy)3)] to the emission layer. At a current density of 50 mA/cm2 (12 800 cd/m2), a lifetime of 387 h can be achieved. Employing exciton transfer molecules is suggested to prevent the degradation of the red emission layer in phosphorescent white OLED.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
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The conducting polymer/polymer interface

R. M. Gadiev, A. N. Lachinov, R. B. Salikhov, R. G. Rakhmeev, V. M. Kornilov, and A. R. Yusupov

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 173305 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3584135 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 29 April 2011

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It is well-known that interfaces between various substances are widely used in modern electronics. Recently it has been found out that the interfaces of two dielectrics can possess unusual electronic properties. This work shows that high-conductivity interface can be obtained not only on the boundary of two crystals but also on the interface of amorphous insulator polymers with the carrier mobility extremely high for organic materials (0.4 cm2/Vs). Conductivity of the structure exceeds the bulk conductivity of the materials used by more than five orders of magnitude. Moreover, the polymer/polymer interface has a metallic conductivity.
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81.05.Lg Polymers and plastics; rubber; synthetic and natural fibers; organometallic and organic materials
73.61.Ph Polymers; organic compounds
73.40.Ns Metal-nonmetal contacts
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Electrical switching behavior from all-polymer-based system of semiconductor/ferroelectrics/semiconductor

Yun Li, Chuan Liu, Lijia Pan, Lin Pu, Henning Sirringhaus, and Yi Shi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 173306 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3584854 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 29 April 2011

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Ferroelectricity is attractive in data storage application as the polarizations can be used as binary levels. However, conductivity and ferroelectricity cannot be tuned independently in inorganic materials, thus two-terminal resistive memories with ferroelectrics are yet to be achieved. Here, we present an all-polymer-based system of semiconductor/ferroelectrics/semiconductor. Electrical switching behavior, which is critical to resistive memories, is observed. The mechanism of the conduction transition is attributed to the transmission probability of charge carriers tuned by electrical polarization. The importance of polarization in controlling the charge transport deserves further investigation for the realization and optimization of the two-terminal resistive memories with ferroelectrics.
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73.40.Ty Semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor structures
72.60.+g Mixed conductivity and conductivity transitions
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
77.80.Fm Switching phenomena
77.84.Jd Polymers; organic compounds
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