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2 May 2011

Volume 98, Issue 18, Articles (18xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 183101 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3584006 (3 pages)

Tuba Oznuluer, Ercag Pince, Emre O. Polat, Osman Balci, Omer Salihoglu, and Coskun Kocabas
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Origin of the efficiency enhancement in ferroelectric functionalized organic solar cells

Kamal Asadi, Paul de Bruyn, Paul W. M. Blom, and Dago M. de Leeuw

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 183301 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3587630 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 3 May 2011

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We have investigated the efficiency enhancement of organic solar cells upon incorporation of a thin ferroelectric polymer layer. For non-Ohmic contacts the enhancement is due to an increased open circuit voltage, which is, however, independent of the ferroelectric polarization direction. Ferroelectricity cannot play a role due to depolarization and charge compensation. The same improvement is also obtained with a non-ferroelectric fluorinated polymer. The data unambiguously show that the improved efficiency is solely due to improvement of the cathode. The fluorinated polymer layer plays the role of LiF in an optimized solar cell.
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88.40.jr Organic photovoltaics
88.40.hj Efficiency and performance of solar cells
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Photocrosslinking of ferroelectric polymers and its application in three-dimensional memory arrays

A. J. J. M. van Breemen, J. B. P. H. van der Putten, R. Cai, K. Reimann, A. W. Marsman, N. Willard, D. M. de Leeuw, and G. H. Gelinck

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 183302 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3571284 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 4 May 2011

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An I-line photolithography process for ferroelectric polymers is developed. It is based on photocrosslinking using a bisazide photoinitiator. Patterned layers were realized down to 1–2 μm resolution. Crosslinking yields a close-to-insoluble ferroelectric polymer network that counter intuitively has similar ferroelectric properties as a noncrosslinked film. The negative process is used to stack ferroelectric films on top of each other to make three-dimensional cross-bar arrays of nonvolatile ferroelectric capacitor memories.
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77.84.Jd Polymers; organic compounds
77.80.-e Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity
84.30.Sk Pulse and digital circuits
84.32.Tt Capacitors
81.16.Nd Micro- and nanolithography
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Ambipolar copper phthalocyanine transistors with carbon nanotube array electrodes

Fabio Cicoira, Nicola Coppedé, Salvatore Iannotta, and Richard Martel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 183303 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3585658 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 5 May 2011

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We report on organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) having electrodes consisting of isolated carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays embedded in the organic layer. CuPc OTFT with CNT array electrodes show p-type behavior with Ohmic hole injection, high hole mobility, and enhanced switching characteristics at low voltage. The p-type devices are converted to ambipolar OTFT by vacuum annealing. Despite the large offset between the CNT work function and the CuPc energy levels, electron injection characteristics are also Ohmic. The extension of CNT electrodes to the phthalocyanine family confirms the validity of this contact approach for organic electronic devices.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
85.35.Kt Nanotube devices
73.30.+y Surface double layers, Schottky barriers, and work functions
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Device lifetime improvement of polymer-based bulk heterojunction solar cells by incorporating copper oxide layer at Al cathode

Mingdong Wang, Fangyan Xie, Weiguang Xie, Shizhao Zheng, Ning Ke, Jian Chen, Ni Zhao, and J. B. Xu (許建斌)

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 183304 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3580629 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 5 May 2011

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Organic solar cells are commonly susceptible to degradation in air. We present that insertion of a thin layer of thermally evaporated copper oxide (CuOx) between the organic active layer and the Al cathode can greatly extend the lifetime of P3HT:PCBM based bulk heterojunction solar cells. The performance can be further improved by applying an interfacial bilayer of CuOx/LiF. Our results suggest that the CuOx functions not only as a charge transport layer but also as a protection layer, which prevents formation of thick organic-Al interdiffusion area. This leads to a more air-resistive cathode/organic interface.
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81.05.Lg Polymers and plastics; rubber; synthetic and natural fibers; organometallic and organic materials
82.45.Fk Electrodes
88.40.jr Organic photovoltaics
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