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23 May 2011

Volume 98, Issue 21, Articles (21xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 212504 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3593371 (3 pages)

K. Okumura, T. Ishikura, M. Soda, T. Asaka, H. Nakamura, Y. Wakabayashi, and T. Kimura
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A carbon nanotube field emission multipixel x-ray array source for microradiotherapy application

Sigen Wang, Xiomara Calderon, Rui Peng, Eric C. Schreiber, Otto Zhou, and Sha Chang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 213701 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3595268 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 25 May 2011

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The authors report a carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission multipixel x-ray array source for microradiotherapy for cancer research. The developed multipixel x-ray array source has 50 individually controllable pixels and it has several distinct advantages over other irradiation source including high-temporal resolution (millisecond level), the ability to electronically shape the form, and intensity distribution of the radiation fields. The x-ray array was generated by a CNT cathode array (5×10) chip with electron field emission. A dose rate on the order of >1.2 Gy/min per x-ray pixel beam is achieved at the center of the irradiated volume. The measured dose rate is in good agreement with the Monte Carlo simulation result.
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87.85.Rs Nanotechnologies-applications
07.85.-m X- and γ-ray instruments
87.55.dk Dose-volume analysis
87.85.J- Biomaterials

Real-time measurement of Brownian relaxation of magnetic nanoparticles by a mixing-frequency method

Liang Tu, Ying Jing, Yuanpeng Li, and Jian-Ping Wang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 213702 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3595273 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 26 May 2011

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A detection scheme for real-time Brownian relaxation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is demonstrated by a mixing-frequency method in this paper. MNPs are driven into the saturation region by a low frequency sinusoidal magnetic field. A high frequency sinusoidal magnetic field is then applied to generate mixing-frequency signals that are highly specific to the magnetization of MNPs. These highly sensitive mixing-frequency signals from MNPs are picked up by a pair of balanced built-in detection coils. The phase delays of the mixing-frequency signals behind the applied field are derived, and are experimentally verified. Commercial iron oxide MNPs with the core diameter of 35 nm are used for the measurement of Brownian relaxation. The results are fitted well with Debye model. Then a real-time measurement of the binding process between protein G and its antibody is demonstrated using MNPs as labels. This study provides a volume-based magnetic sensing scheme for the detection of binding kinetics and interaction affinities between biomolecules in real time.
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87.64.-t Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques in biophysics and medical physics
87.14.E- Proteins
75.75.-c Magnetic properties of nanostructures
75.78.-n Magnetization dynamics
75.50.Tt Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects

Rapid confocal Raman imaging using a synchro multifoci-scan scheme for dynamic monitoring of single living cells

Lingbo Kong, Pengfei Zhang, Jing Yu, Peter Setlow, and Yong-qing Li

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 213703 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3595482 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 26 May 2011

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We developed a rapid multifoci-scan confocal Raman microscopy system for label-free molecular imaging of single living cells. A pair of galvo-mirrors were used to raster scan a single laser to generate multifoci excitations and another galvo-mirror synchronously projected Raman scattering from each foci onto a multichannel spectrograph such that multiple spectra were collected simultaneously. The image acquisition time is ∼ 40 times faster than in conventional point-scan Raman microscopy with diffraction-limited resolution retained. We demonstrated that this system can be used to monitor the germination dynamics of single bacterial spores with about 1.0 min resolution and 2.5 mW power at each focal point.
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87.64.M- Optical microscopy
87.17.-d Cell processes
87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)
87.15.M- Spectra of biomolecules

Au nanorods can be used for long-term cell imaging?

Xi Wu, Fei Yang, Tian Ming, Rongling Xiong, Peinan Wang, and Jiyao Chen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 213704 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3593961 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 27 May 2011

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The photostability of Au nanorods in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells under two-photon excitation was investigated to evaluate their potential in cell imaging. The photoluminescence images of the intracellular Au nanorods under the two-photon excitation of an 800 nm femtosecond laser were photobleached rapidly, which is due to the melting of Au nanorods. The images lost their brightness for more than 50% after 15 micrograph scans for the nanorod incubation concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 pM. The confocal reflectance image can prevent the image photobleaching and thus is suitable for long-term cell imaging with Au nanorods.
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87.63.L- Visual imaging
87.85.Rs Nanotechnologies-applications
78.67.Qa Nanorods
87.19.xj Cancer
87.16.-b Subcellular structure and processes
87.17.-d Cell processes
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