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Applied Physics Letters / Volume 98 / Issue 22 / MAGNETISM AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 222506 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3595339 (3 pages)

Three-dimensional ferromagnetic architectures with multiple metastable states

F. Nasirpouri1,2, M. A. Engbarth2, S. J. Bending2, L. M. Peter3, A. Knittel4, H. Fangohr4, and M. V. Milošević5

1Department of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
2Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
3Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
4School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
5Departement Fysica, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium

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(Received 22 March 2011; accepted 5 May 2011; published online 2 June 2011)

We demonstrate controllable dual-bath electrodeposition of nickel on architecture-tunable three-dimensional (3D) silver microcrystals. Magnetic hysteresis loops of individual highly faceted Ag-Ni core-shell elements reveal magnetization reversal that comprises multiple sharp steps corresponding to different stable magnetic states. Finite-element micromagnetic simulations on smaller systems show several jumps during magnetization reversal which correspond to transitions between different magnetic vortex states. Structures of this type could be realizations of an advanced magnetic data storage architecture whereby each element represents one multibit, storing a combination of several conventional bits depending on the overall number of possible magnetic states associated with the 3D core-shell shape.

© 2011 American Institute of Physics

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

electrodeposition, ferromagnetic materials, finite element analysis, magnetic hysteresis, magnetisation reversal, metastable states, micromagnetics, nickel, silver

PACS

  • 75.60.Ej

    Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects

  • 75.60.Jk

    Magnetization reversal mechanisms

  • 81.15.Pq

    Electrodeposition, electroplating

  • 75.78.Cd

    Micromagnetic simulations

  • 75.50.Cc

    Other ferromagnetic metals and alloys

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3595339

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0003-6951 (print)  
1077-3118 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

For access to fully linked references, you need to log in.
    S. Morin, A. Lachenwitzer, O. M. Magnussen, and R. J. Behm, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 5066 (1999).

    A. Knittel, M. Franchin, G. Bordignon, T. Fischbacher, S. J. Bending, and H. Fangohr, J. Appl. Phys. 105, 07D542 (2009)JAPIAU00010500000707D542000001.

    R. P. Cowburn, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 9310 (2003)JAPIAU000093000011009310000001.


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