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24 Jan 2011

Volume 98, Issue 4, Articles (04xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 043101 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3536475 (3 pages)

Zhichao Ruan and Shanhui Fan
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Pneumatic control of a liquid-core/liquid-cladding waveguide as the basis for an optofluidic switch

Jong-Min Lim, John Paul Urbanski, Todd Thorsen, and Seung-Man Yang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 044101 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3535979 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 27 January 2011

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We have developed a 2×3 optofluidic switch based on the pneumatic control of a liquid-core/liquid-cladding (L2) waveguide using monolithic microvalves in a multilayer poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic device. In the proposed system, the incident beam to be coupled to the L2 waveguide and the flow direction of the L2 waveguide can be varied by the pneumatic actuation of the monolithic microvalves in the upstream and downstream regions, respectively. The time required for the transitions between different states of the optofluidic switch (tR) was about 30 ms.
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42.79.Ta Optical computers, logic elements, interconnects, switches; neural networks
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers

Resolution of the transfer direction of field-evaporated gold atoms for nanofabrication and microelectromechanical system applications

Z. Yang, S. Hoffmann, D. J. Lichtenwalner, J. Krim, and A. I. Kingon

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 044102 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3545846 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 28 January 2011

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Field evaporation is an important phenomenon utilized in probe-based nanofabrication as well as a potential factor in contact reliability of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches. Previous studies have left the issue of transfer direction unresolved on account of uncertainties associated with sample geometry effects. We report a resolution of the transfer direction employing techniques to study field-induced transfer in both MEMS switches and atomic force microscope configurations. The results suggest the formation of positive gold ions that are transferred in the direction of the electric field, and confirm field evaporation as a material transport mechanism in MEMS switches.
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81.16.Ta Atom manipulation
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
79.70.+q Field emission, ionization, evaporation, and desorption
84.32.Dd Connectors, relays, and switches
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