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31 Jan 2011

Volume 98, Issue 5, Articles (05xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 053101 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3549154 (3 pages)

Minggang Zeng, Lei Shen, Ming Yang, Chun Zhang, and Yuanping Feng
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Ultimate performance of polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction tandem solar cells

J. D. Kotlarski and P. W. M. Blom

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 053301 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3549693 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 1 February 2011

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We present the model calculations to explore the potential of polymer:fullerene tandem solar cells. As an approach we use a combined optical and electrical device model, where the absorption profiles are used as starting point for the numerical current-voltage calculations. With this model a maximum power efficiency of 11.7% for single cells has been achieved as a reference. For tandem structures with a ZnO/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulphonic acid) middle electrode an ultimate efficiency of 14.1% has been calculated. In the optimum configuration the subcell with the narrowest band gap is placed closest to the incoming light. Consequently, tandem structures are expected to enhance the performance of optimized single cells by about 20%.
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88.40.jp Multijunction solar cells
88.40.jr Organic photovoltaics
81.05.ub Fullerenes and related materials
81.05.Fb Organic semiconductors
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Evolution of the surface morphology of rubrene under ambient conditions

R. J. Thompson, B. Yadin, Z. J. Grout, S. Hudziak, C. L. Kloc, O. Mitrofanov, and N. J. Curson

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 053302 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3551624 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 3 February 2011

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Evolution of the surface morphology and local conductivity on cleaved surfaces of rubrene single crystals is characterized with atomic force microscopy. The cleaved surface was found to exhibit molecular reorganization that results in the formation of nanoscale beads aligned along molecular step edges and fingers, narrow molecular structures, one molecule high, and in excess of 1 μm long. The beads show insulating behavior and a band bending effect on the surface nearby. Their formation has a strong environmental dependence, which has implications for the operation of rubrene field-effect transistors in the ambient environment.
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72.20.Fr Low-field transport and mobility; piezoresistance
72.80.Le Polymers; organic compounds (including organic semiconductors)
68.37.Ps Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
68.35.bg Semiconductors
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Inverted organic solar cells comprising a solution-processed cesium fluoride interlayer

Manuel Reinhard, Jonas Hanisch, Zhenhao Zhang, Erik Ahlswede, Alexander Colsmann, and Uli Lemmer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 053303 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3548860 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 4 February 2011

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We investigate the influence of solution-processed cesium fluoride (CsF) interlayers on the performance of inverted polymer solar cells comprising a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester. The thickness of the CsF layer is optimized in terms of current-voltage characteristics by a variation of the solid content in solution. Capacitance-voltage characteristics reveal a shift of the built-in voltage at the cathode interface by about 0.3 V as compared to devices without a CsF layer, giving rise to an increase in open-circuit voltage by the same value. The vertical distribution of Cs+ and F+ ions is studied by secondary ion mass spectroscopy, indicating a strong diffusion of the alkaline fluoride into the organic layer stack.
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88.40.jr Organic photovoltaics
82.80.Ms Mass spectrometry (including SIMS, multiphoton ionization and resonance ionization mass spectrometry, MALDI)
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Temperature dependent photoresponse from colloidal PbS quantum dot sensitized inorganic/organic hybrid photodiodes

S. Pichler, T. Rauch, R. Seyrkammer, M. Böberl, S. F. Tedde, J. Fürst, M. V. Kovalenko, U. Lemmer, O. Hayden, and W. Heiss

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 053304 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3552678 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 4 February 2011

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Inorganic/organic hybrid photodiodes, based on a solution-processed ternary blend containing PbS quantum dots (QDs), a fullerene derivative, and a conjugated polymer, have been reported to exhibit external quantum efficiencies in the infrared of up to 51% [ T. Rauch et al., Nat. Photonics 3, 332 (2009)] . Temperature dependent experiments reveal the high sensitivity of the photoresponse on the energy level alignment between the QDs and the fullerene derivative, resulting in quenching of the photoresponse at low temperatures for 5.2 nm QDs in size. With smaller QDs the optimum operation temperature is found between room temperature and 72 °C, making these photodiodes promising for various applications.
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85.60.Dw Photodiodes; phototransistors; photoresistors
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Vertical polymer phototransistor featuring photomultiplication due to base-field shielding

Hsiao-Wen Zan, Wu-Wei Tsai, and Hsin-Fei Meng

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 053305 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3552714 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 4 February 2011

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We introduce a vertical polymer phototransistor with low operational voltage (−1.5 V). A blended polymer layer with both acceptor and donor materials was used as a channel material in the vertical space-charge-limited transistor. Under illumination, we obtained external quantum efficiency (EQE) as high as 360% at 620 nm. We propose the effects of base-field shielding as a means to explain high EQE. This proposition has been supported by two-dimensional simulation of the device.
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85.60.Dw Photodiodes; phototransistors; photoresistors
85.30.Fg Bulk semiconductor and conductivity oscillation devices (including Hall effect devices, space-charge-limited devices, and Gunn effect devices)
85.30.De Semiconductor-device characterization, design, and modeling
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