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7 Feb 2011

Volume 98, Issue 6, Articles (06xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 063101 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3551574 (3 pages)

Y. Z. He, H. Li, P. C. Si, Y. F. Li, H. Q. Yu, X. Q. Zhang, F. Ding, K. M. Liew, and X. F. Liu
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Measurement of the valence band structure in dielectric films by a focused ion beam

Han S. Uhm, Young J. Hong, Eun H. Choi, and Do Y. Kim

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 061501 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3554433 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 9 February 2011

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The measured profile of the energy distribution of electrons emitted from dielectric films due to the Auger neutralization of incoming ions is rescaled to facilitate the Auger self-convolution, which illustrates the details of the valence band. As an application for this research scheme, the properties of the valence band in MgO layers are investigated in terms of the measured Auger self-convolution, indicating that the state density is a decaying function of the energy deviation from the band of ε0 = 7.63 eV, although a numerical calculation shows a spiky structure of the state density in the valence band.
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71.20.Ps Other inorganic compounds
73.20.At Surface states, band structure, electron density of states
77.55.-g Dielectric thin films
79.20.Hx Electron impact: secondary emission

Highly collimated electron beams from double-gate field emitter arrays with large collimation gate apertures

P. Helfenstein, E. Kirk, K. Jefimovs, T. Vogel, C. Escher, H.-W. Fink, and S. Tsujino

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 061502 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3551541 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 9 February 2011

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Electron collimation in field emitter arrays with electron extraction gate and collimation gate electrodes is studied with the goal to develop a high-brightness high current cathode. Using metallic field emitter arrays prepared by the molding method, we fabricated a stacked double-gate device with the two gates differing in diameter by a process utilizing focused-ion beam milling. We measured the field-emission beam characteristics and demonstrated a reduction of the emission angle by a factor of 7.1±0.8 with minimal emission current decrease under collimating conditions, resulting in a current density increase by a factor of 13.9±1.0.
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85.45.Db Field emitters and arrays, cold electron emitters
82.45.Fk Electrodes
81.20.Wk Machining, milling

Experimental demonstration of Smith–Purcell radiation enhancement by frequency multiplication in open cavity

V. L. Bratman, A. E. Fedotov, and P. B. Makhalov

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 061503 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3554435 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 10 February 2011

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The excitation of a low-frequency surface wave can provide coherent high-frequency Smith–Purcell radiation due to the frequency multiplication effect. The use of an open cavity allows an additional power increase due to the induced nature of the radiation. A radiation source based on these effects is experimentally demonstrated at a frequency of about 190 GHz.
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84.40.Fe Microwave tubes (e.g., klystrons, magnetrons, traveling-wave, backward-wave tubes, etc.)
84.30.Ng Oscillators, pulse generators, and function generators
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