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28 Feb 2011

Volume 98, Issue 9, Articles (09xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 093502 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3531756 (3 pages)

Marina S. Leite, Robyn L. Woo, William D. Hong, Daniel C. Law, and Harry A. Atwater
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Self-assembled hexagonal double fishnets as negative index materials

Kristof Lodewijks, Niels Verellen, Willem Van Roy, Victor Moshchalkov, Gustaaf Borghs, and Pol Van Dorpe

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 091101 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3560444 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 28 February 2011

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We show experimentally the use of nanosphere lithography for fabricating negative index metamaterials in the near-infrared wavelength range. We investigated a specific implementation of the widely studied double fishnet metamaterials, consisting of a gold-silica-gold layer stack perforated by a hexagonal array of round holes. Tuning of the hole diameter allows to tailor these self-assembled materials as single- or double negative metamaterials.
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42.70.-a Optical materials
42.25.-p Wave optics
42.79.-e Optical elements, devices, and systems
42.82.Cr Fabrication techniques; lithography, pattern transfer

Magnetic field tuning of a quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal cavity

Hyochul Kim, Thomas C. Shen, Deepak Sridharan, Glenn S. Solomon, and Edo Waks

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 091102 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3562344 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 1 March 2011

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We apply magnetic fields of up to 7 T to an indium arsenide quantum dot (QD) strongly coupled to a photonic crystal cavity. The field lifts the degeneracy of QD exciton spin states, and tune their emission energy by a combination of diamagnetic and Zeeman energy shifts. We use magnetic field tuning to shift the energies of the two exciton spin states to be selectively on resonance with the cavity. Strong coupling between the cavity and both states is observed. Magnetic field tuning enables energy shifts as large as 0.83 meV without significant degradation of the QD-cavity coupling strength.
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78.20.Ls Magneto-optical effects
71.70.Ej Spin-orbit coupling, Zeeman and Stark splitting, Jahn-Teller effect
71.35.-y Excitons and related phenomena
78.67.Pt Multilayers; superlattices; photonic structures; metamaterials
73.21.La Quantum dots
78.67.Hc Quantum dots

Experimental demonstration of efficient pulsed terahertz emission from a stacked GaAs/AlGaAs p-i-n-i heterostructure

A. Lisauskas, A. Reklaitis, R. Venckevičius, I. Kašalynas, G. Valušis, G. Grigaliūnaitė–Vonsevičienė, H. Maestre, J. Schmidt, V. Blank, M. D. Thomson, H. G. Roskos, and K. Köhler

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 091103 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3561642 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 2 March 2011

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The pulsed optoelectronic terahertz emitter based on a δ-doped p-i-n-i GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs heterostructure, which was suggested by Reklaitis [ Phys. Rev. B 77, 153309 (2008)] , is investigated experimentally. It is shown that the heterostructure can serve as efficient antenna- and bias-free surface emitter. Its power exceeds the emission from InGaAs and InAs surfaces for optical excitation fluences below 0.7 μJ/cm2 at 82 MHz pulse repetition rate, respectively, 7 μJ/cm2 at 1 kHz, with potential for further improvement by carrier recombination management.
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78.70.Gq Microwave and radio-frequency interactions
73.40.Kp III-V semiconductor-to-semiconductor contacts, p-n junctions, and heterojunctions
72.20.Jv Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping

Hollow waveguides with low intrinsic photoluminescence fabricated with Ta2O5 and SiO2 films

Y. Zhao, M. Jenkins, P. Measor, K. Leake, S. Liu, H. Schmidt, and A. R. Hawkins

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 091104 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3561749 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 2 March 2011

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A type of integrated hollow core waveguide with low intrinsic photoluminescence fabricated with Ta2O5 and SiO2 films is demonstrated. Hollow core waveguides made with a combination of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition SiO2 and sputtered Ta2O5 provide a nearly optimal structure for optofluidic biofluorescence measurements with low optical loss, high fabrication yield, and low background photoluminescence. Compared to earlier structures made using Si3N4, the photoluminescence background of Ta2O5 based hollow core waveguides is decreased by a factor of 10 and the signal-to-noise ratio for fluorescent nanobead detection is improved by a factor of 12.
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78.66.Nk Insulators
81.15.Gh Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, ALD, etc.)
78.55.Hx Other solid inorganic materials
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
81.15.Cd Deposition by sputtering
81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing

Influence of the growth temperature on the performances of strain-balanced quantum cascade lasers

A. Bismuto, R. Terazzi, M. Beck, and Jerome Faist

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 091105 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3561754 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 2 March 2011

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The effect of substrate temperature, during epitaxial growth, on the performances of strain-balanced quantum cascade lasers based on a three quantum well active region and operating at λ ≈ 4.6 μm is presented. Based on a comparison with a density matrix model of these devices, the optimum performances obtained at a growth temperature of 515 °C, are interpreted as arising from a value of the interface roughness correlation length (Λ = 85 Å) close to the optimum one computed by the model (Λ = 100 Å).
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems

Single-cycle terahertz pulses with amplitudes exceeding 1 MV/cm generated by optical rectification in LiNbO3

H. Hirori, A. Doi, F. Blanchard, and K. Tanaka

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 091106 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3560062 (3 pages) | Cited 31 times

Online Publication Date: 2 March 2011

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Using the tilted-pump-pulse-front scheme, we generate single-cycle terahertz (THz) pulses by optical rectification of femtosecond laser pulses in LiNbO3. In our THz generation setup, the condition that the image of the grating coincides with the tilted-optical-pulse front is fulfilled to obtain optimal THz beam characteristics and pump-to-THz conversion efficiency. By using an uncooled microbolometer-array THz camera, it is found that the THz beam leaving the output face of the LN crystal can be regarded as a collimated rather than point source. The designed focusing geometry enables tight focus of the collimated THz beam with a spot size close to the diffraction limit, and the maximum THz electric field of 1.2 MV/cm is obtained.
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42.60.-v Laser optical systems: design and operation
42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression

Polarization and angle independent terahertz metamaterials with high Q-factors

Ibraheem A. I. Al-Naib, Christian Jansen, Norman Born, and Martin Koch

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 091107 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3562372 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 3 March 2011

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We propose polarization and angle insensitive metamaterials at terahertz frequencies consisting of two concentric ring resonators with interdigitated fingers placed between the rings. We experimentally demonstrate that the bandstop resonance remains unaffected by changes in both the incident angle and the polarization. Furthermore, high quality-factors of more than 16 are observed as Fano-like modes with small dipole moments are excited. We show that the sharpness of the resonance can be controlled by the number of interdigitated finger pairs. The structures exhibit pronounced normal phase dispersion near the resonance, which renders them attractive candidates for electromagnetic induced transparency and slow light applications.
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78.20.Ls Magneto-optical effects
75.30.Cr Saturation moments and magnetic susceptibilities

Effect of radial defect lines in the focalization of unitary polarization order light beams

A. Ambrosio and P. Maddalena

Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 091108 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3562587 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 4 March 2011

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In this letter, we analyze the effect of the defect line of a θ-cell polarization converter on the focalization of a Gaussian laser beam by means of a high numerical aperture microscope objective. This liquid crystal device is frequently used to convert a linearly polarized laser beam into either a radially or azimuthally polarized beam. The line singularity, that defines the cell axis and characterizes these devices, leads to a π-shift on the light polarization in moving from one side of the cell to the other, with respect to the cell axis. The shift, although negligible for light filtering and polarization microscopy, can be crucial in applications where a strong longitudinal component of the focused field is needed, such as in aperturless near-field microscopy. In this work, light distribution simulations as well as experimental investigations of the fields at the focal plane are carried out.
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42.60.Jf Beam characteristics: profile, intensity, and power; spatial pattern formation
42.79.Kr Display devices, liquid-crystal devices
07.60.Pb Conventional optical microscopes
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