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Applied Physics Letters / Volume 99 / Issue 10 / ORGANIC ELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS
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Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 103306 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3635385 (3 pages)

Self-assembled plasmonic electrodes for high-performance organic photovoltaic cells

Wade A. Luhman1, Si Hoon Lee2, Timothy W. Johnson2, Russell J. Holmes1, and Sang-Hyun Oh2

1Department Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA

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(Received 11 May 2011; accepted 6 August 2011; published online 9 September 2011)

We investigate thin Ag films incorporating plasmonic nanohole arrays as transparent conducting electrodes for organic photovoltaic cells. Plasmonic electrodes are fabricated using nanosphere lithography to create hexagonal nanohole arrays over centimeter-sized areas. Devices constructed using a nanopatterned Ag anode show power conversion efficiencies that exceed those of devices constructed on conventional indium-tin-oxide, independent of light polarization. In comparison to cells constructed on unpatterned Ag, the power conversion efficiency is noted to double with patterning.

© 2011 American Institute of Physics

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

electrodes, metallic thin films, nanolithography, nanopatterning, nanostructured materials, photovoltaic cells, plasmonics, self-assembly, silver, transparency

PACS

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3635385

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0003-6951 (print)  
1077-3118 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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Figures (click on thumbnails to view enlargements)

FIG.1
Measured transmission spectra for ITO, (a) 12 nm, (b) 16 nm, and (c) 20 nm Ag films on a glass substrate. The transmission increases uniformly with decreasing Ag thickness and spectral features arise due to patterning. Patterned films exhibit a dip and a peak in the transmission due to the excitation of surface plasmons.

FIG.1 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.2
Device performance parameters under AM1.5G simulated solar illumination. (a) Comparable values for the open-circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF) are obtained using all anodes, demonstrating comparable electrical performance. (b) Devices with a patterned anode show the highest responsivity due to the plasmonic field enhancement. (c) The increased responsivity of the patterned device leads to a higher power conversion efficiency relative to devices using either an ITO or unpatterned Ag anode.

FIG.2 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.3
External quantum efficiency (ηEQE) for devices with anodes consisting of ITO and 12 nm unpatterned and patterned Ag. The ηEQE increase for devices with a patterned anode at wavelengths larger than 500 nm reflects the enhanced absorption in the CuPc donor arising from spectrally broad plasmonic contributions at the anode-donor interface.

FIG.3 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.4
(Color online) Simulated cross-sectional field intensity maps at a wavelength of 622 nm. The anode is varied to demonstrate the difference in plasmonic enhancement for (a) 12 nm unpatterned Ag, and (b) 12 nm patterned Ag having 250 nm hexagonally close-packed holes with a periodicity of 400 nm and (c) a similarly patterned Cr anode.

FIG.4 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint



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