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5 Sep 2011

Volume 99, Issue 10, Articles (10xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 103701 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3633066 (3 pages)

Yinan Zhang, David J. S. Birch, and Yu Chen
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Realization of size controllable graphene micro/nanogap with a micro/nanowire mask method for organic field-effect transistors

Zhiyu Liao, Qing Wan, Huixuan Liu, and Qingxin Tang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 103301 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3634065 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 6 September 2011

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A size controllable graphene micro/nanogap fabrication method using micro/nanowire as mask is presented. The gap dimension can be adjusted by the diameter of the mask wire. As a typical application, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) film organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were fabricated with the graphene micro/nanogap bottom electrodes. The ultrathin thickness of the graphene, combined with its good compatibility with organic semiconductors, and high electrical conductivity produced high-performance CuPc film device with mobility at 0.053 cm2/Vs and on/off ratio at 105, showing promising potential in low-cost and light-weight electronics.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
81.07.Gf Nanowires
81.05.ue Graphene
72.80.Vp Electronic transport in graphene
81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
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Influence of the semiconductor oxidation potential on the operational stability of organic field-effect transistors

A. Sharma, S. G. J. Mathijssen, P. A. Bobbert, and D. M. de Leeuw

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 103302 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3634066 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 7 September 2011

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During prolonged application of a gate bias, organic field-effect transistors show a gradual shift of the threshold voltage towards the applied gate bias voltage. The shift follows a stretched-exponential time dependence governed by a relaxation time. Here, we show that a thermodynamic analysis reproduces the observed exponential dependence of the relaxation time on the oxidation potential of the semiconductor. The good fit with the experimental data validates the underlying assumptions. It demonstrates that this operational instability is a straightforward thermodynamically driven process that can only be eliminated by eliminating water from the transistor.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
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Metallic Bragg-gratings for light management in organic light-emitting devices

Julian Hauss, Tobias Bocksrocker, Boris Riedel, Ulf Geyer, Uli Lemmer, and Martina Gerken

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 103303 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3631728 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 7 September 2011

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We used laser interference lithography to fabricate organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with gold Bragg gratings on top of the indium-tin-oxide layer for efficient light management. We built polymer OLEDs with 15 and 30 nm gold grating thickness as well as reference devices with continuous gold layers and without gold layer. Electrical and optical device characterization was performed and compared to optical simulations. The gratings extract waveguide and substrate modes and change the angular and spectral emission characteristics by cavity effects. The combination of light extraction and cavity effects leads to 25–30% enhancement in power efficiency compared to reference devices.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
42.62.-b Laser applications
42.79.Dj Gratings
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Tandem white phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes based on interface-modified C60/pentacene organic heterojunction as charge generation layer

Yonghua Chen, Jiangshan Chen, Dongge Ma, Donghang Yan, and Lixiang Wang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 103304 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3628317 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 8 September 2011

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The significant improvement of power efficiency and efficiency roll-off in tandem white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) was achieved using interface-modified C60/pentacene organic heterojunction as charge generation layer (CGL). The resulting tandem WOLED exhibits a maximum power efficiency of 53.8 lm W−1 and a maximum current efficiency of 101.5 cd A−1 without any out-coupling techniques. More importantly, the efficiency roll-off is greatly improved, yet remaining power efficiency of 53 lm W−1 at 100 cd m−2 and 45 lm W−1 at 1000 cd m−2, which outperforms that of the conventional CGL-based tandem WOLED. This clearly demonstrates that the organic heterojunction is a promising CGL for high-performance tandem WOLEDs.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
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Organic position sensitive photodetectors based on lateral donor-acceptor concentration gradients

Juan Cabanillas–Gonzalez, Ovidio Peña–Rodríguez, Inma Suarez Lopez, Malte Schmidt, M. Isabel Alonso, Alejandro R. Goñi, and Mariano Campoy–Quiles

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 103305 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3631731 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 8 September 2011

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We report on an organic photodiode configuration based on a donor/acceptor bilayer with opposed complementary thickness gradients. We rely on the strong dependence of the optical field on thickness to achieve spatially dependent spectral responses, a proof-of-concept for position sensitive detection. Ratiometric photocurrent values at two wavelengths allow for position determination independently of the light intensity with a spatial resolution below 600 μm.
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85.60.Gz Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors)
85.60.Dw Photodiodes; phototransistors; photoresistors
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Self-assembled plasmonic electrodes for high-performance organic photovoltaic cells

Wade A. Luhman, Si Hoon Lee, Timothy W. Johnson, Russell J. Holmes, and Sang-Hyun Oh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 103306 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3635385 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 9 September 2011

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We investigate thin Ag films incorporating plasmonic nanohole arrays as transparent conducting electrodes for organic photovoltaic cells. Plasmonic electrodes are fabricated using nanosphere lithography to create hexagonal nanohole arrays over centimeter-sized areas. Devices constructed using a nanopatterned Ag anode show power conversion efficiencies that exceed those of devices constructed on conventional indium-tin-oxide, independent of light polarization. In comparison to cells constructed on unpatterned Ag, the power conversion efficiency is noted to double with patterning.
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84.60.Jt Photoelectric conversion
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
81.16.Dn Self-assembly
78.66.Bz Metals and metallic alloys
81.16.Nd Micro- and nanolithography
81.16.Rf Micro- and nanoscale pattern formation
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