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17 Oct 2011

Volume 99, Issue 16, Articles (16xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 163301 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3651509 (3 pages)

Jonathan E. Allen, Kevin G. Yager, Htay Hlaing, Chang-Yong Nam, Benjamin M. Ocko, and Charles T. Black
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Electromechanical properties and anisotropy of single- and multi-domain 0.72Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.28PbTiO3 single crystals

Gang Liu, Wenhua Jiang, Jiaqi Zhu, and Wenwu Cao

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 162901 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3652703 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2011

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Complete sets of elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric constants of 0.72Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.28PbTiO3 single crystal poled along [111]c (single domain) as well as non-polar axes [001]c and [011]c (multidomain) have been measured under natural conditions. These data allowed us to evaluate accurately the extrinsic contributions to the superior piezoelectric properties. Very large extrinsic contributions to the unusual anisotropies in multidomain crystals are confirmed. We found that the instability of domain structures is the origin of the low mechanical quality factor Q for the multidomain relaxor-based ferroelectric single crystals. Our results can provide useful guidance in future design of domain engineered materials.
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77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
77.80.Jk Relaxor ferroelectrics
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
62.20.D- Elasticity
81.40.Jj Elasticity and anelasticity, stress-strain relations

Mapping and statistics of ferroelectric domain boundary angles and types

Joseph Desmarais, Jon F. Ihlefeld, Tassilo Heeg, Jürgen Schubert, Darrell G. Schlom, and Bryan D. Huey

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 162902 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3643155 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2011

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Ferroelectric domain orientations have been mapped using piezo-force microscopy, allowing the calculation and statistical analysis of interfacial polarization angles, the head-to-tail or head-to-head configuration, and any cross-coupling terms. Within 1 µm2 of an epitaxial (001)p-oriented BiFeO3 film, there are >40 µm of linear domain boundary based on over 500 interfaces. 71° domain walls dominate the interfacial polarization angles, with a 2:1 preference for uncharged head-to-tail versus charged head-to-head boundary types. This mapping technique offers a unique perspective on domain boundary distributions, important for ferroelectric and multiferroic applications where domain wall parameters are critical.
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77.55.fp Other ferroelectric films
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
77.84.Bw Elements, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, chalcogenides, etc.
77.55.Nv Multiferroic/magnetoelectric films
77.55.Px Epitaxial and superlattice films

The effects of polarization dynamics and domain switching energies on field induced phase transformations of perovskite ferroelectrics

Daniel J. Franzbach, Bai-Xiang Xu, Ralf Mueller, and Kyle G. Webber

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 162903 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3644957 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 19 October 2011

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A time-dependent phase field model was utilized to investigate the electric field induced tetragonal-to-orthorhombic (T→O) planar phase transformations of perovskite materials, indicated by the simulated semi-discontinuous polarization-electric field hysteresis. Simulations show that transformations are sensitive to the crystallographic orientation of the applied electric field, the energy threshold for 90° domain switching and the rotation path between tetragonal variants. This indicates that the field induced phase transformation behavior has a significant influence on the evaluation and validation of the Landau coefficients.
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77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
77.80.Jk Relaxor ferroelectrics
77.80.B- Phase transitions and Curie point
77.80.Fm Switching phenomena
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
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Method for measuring energy generation and efficiency of dielectric elastomer generators

Rainer Kaltseis, Christoph Keplinger, Richard Baumgartner, Martin Kaltenbrunner, Tiefeng Li, Philipp Mächler, Reinhard Schwödiauer, Zhigang Suo, and Siegfried Bauer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 162904 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3653239 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 19 October 2011

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Dielectric elastomer generators convert mechanical into electrical energy at high energy density, showing promise for large and small scale energy harvesting. We present an experiment to monitor electrical and mechanical energy flows separately and show the cycle of energy conversion in work-conjugate planes. A specific electrical energy generated per cycle of 102mJ/g, at a specific average power of 17mW/g, is demonstrated with an acrylic elastomer in a showcase generation cycle. The measured mechanical to electrical energy conversion efficiency is 7.5%. The experiment may be used to assess the aptitude of specifically designed elastomers for energy harvesting.
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84.60.-h Direct energy conversion and storage
85.50.-n Dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric devices
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