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28 Nov 2011

Volume 99, Issue 22, Articles (22xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 221902 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3663578 (3 pages)

Aparna Deshpande, Kai Felix Braun, and Saw-Wai Hla
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Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of phase separation behavior of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells

Tatsuya Fukushima, Hironobu Kimura, Yurie Shimahara, and Hironori Kaji

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 223301 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3662854 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2011

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The origin of the improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) by the thermal annealing of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (rrP3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), is analyzed via solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 1H spin-lattice relaxation experiments of solid-state NMR clearly reveal that the phase-separated heterojunction structure develops on the order of several tens of nanometers in rrP3HT/PCBM blend films with thermal annealing at 150 °C. The development of the phase-separated structure explains the increase in the PCE for the solar cell system from 0.7% to nearly 3% through the thermal annealing.
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88.40.jr Organic photovoltaics
88.40.hj Efficiency and performance of solar cells
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Polymer solar cells with gold nanoclusters decorated multi-layer graphene as transparent electrode

Di Zhang, Wallace C. H. Choy, Charlie C. D. Wang, Xiao Li, Lili Fan, Kunlin Wang, and Hongwei Zhu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 223302 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3664120 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2011

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A thin layer of ultraviolet-ozone (UVO) treated gold (Au) is introduced on multi-layer graphene (MLG) to enable the MLG as an effective anode for polymer solar cells (PSCs). By optimizing the Au thickness and the durations of the UVO treatments at different stages, MLG PSCs with enhanced fill factor and power conversion efficiency are obtained, exhibiting better performance compared with MLG devices directly modified with UVO and poly(3,4-ethylenedioythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate). Further analysis shows that UVO treated Au provides favorable band alignment at the MLG/polymer interface. Moreover, the improved interfacial contact and shortened UVO durations reduce the series resistance of PSCs significantly.
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88.40.H- Solar cells (photovoltaics)
61.41.+e Polymers, elastomers, and plastics
82.45.Fk Electrodes
61.48.Gh Structure of graphene
88.40.J- Types of solar cells
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Enhanced efficiency in high-brightness fluorescent organic light emitting diodes through triplet management

Yifan Zhang, Michael Slootsky, and Stephen R. Forrest

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 223303 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3664771 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2011

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We demonstrate suppressed singlet-triplet (S-T) quenching, and hence increased quantum efficiency, in high-brightness fluorescent organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) by reducing the guest triplet population through the introduction of a triplet manager molecule into the emission layer (EML). As an example, an OLED whose EML consists of the red fluorophore, 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-julolidyl-9-enyl-4H-pyran doped into the host, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) Al (Alq3) is blended with the triplet manager, 9,10-di(naphtha-2-yl)anthracene. The manager triplet energy is less than that of the host or dopant, leading to efficient triplet removal from the dopant without affecting the radiative singlet population. Measurements suggest the complete suppression of S-T quenching using the triplet management strategy, leading to >100% increase in the steady-state OLED external quantum efficiency.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
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Demonstration of interfacial charge transfer in an organic charge injection device

C. P. Watson and D. M. Taylor

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 223304 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3665190 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 1 December 2011

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We report the fabrication and testing of an organic charge injection device composed of two adjacent metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors in which the active semiconductor is poly(3-hexylthiophene). One capacitor, C1, is biased into partial depletion and illuminated with 550 nm light. By applying higher depletion voltages to the second capacitor, C2, photogenerated electrons are induced to flow along the semiconductor-insulator interface from C1 to C2 where they are detected either by simultaneously measuring the C-V characteristic of C2 or the current flow into it. We estimate that the transfer efficiency is in excess of 40% but is capable of significant improvement.
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84.32.Tt Capacitors
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Improving the efficiency of an organic solar cell by a polymer additive to optimize the charge carriers mobility

Ming-Chung Chen, Der-Jang Liaw, Wen-Hsiang Chen, Ying-Chi Huang, Jadab Sharma, and Yian Tai

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 223305 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3664127 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 1 December 2011

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We investigate the effect of a high hole mobility triarylamine-based conjugated polymer on a bulk hetero-junction organic solar cell. We employed a polymer blend consisting of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and poly(N-(4 -(9,9-dioctyl-fluoren-2-yl)phenyl)-N,N′,N′-triphenyl-l,4-phenylenediamine) (PFLAM) as active materials. The hole mobility of PFLAM is ∼10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is similar to the electron mobility of PCBM. Addition of PFLAM improves the hole mobility of the photovoltaic cell augmenting the charge balance of the system. The overall efficiency gain for such a device is 34%.
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88.40.hj Efficiency and performance of solar cells
88.40.jr Organic photovoltaics
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