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5 Dec 2011

Volume 99, Issue 23, Articles (23xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 233701 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3651756 (3 pages)

Melis Hazar, Robert L. Steward, Jr., Chia-Jung Chang, Cynthia J. Orndoff, Yukai Zeng, Mon-Shu Ho, Philip R. LeDuc, and Chao-Min Cheng
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Extraction of the contact resistance from the saturation region of rubrene single-crystal transistors

Masaki Imakawa, Kosuke Sawabe, Yohei Yomogida, Yoshihiro Iwasa, and Taishi Takenobu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 233301 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3666236 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 5 December 2011

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A modified transmission-line method (TLM) is proposed to extract the contact resistance from the transistor saturation region. The conventional TLM requires a linear current–voltage characteristic, and this requirement strongly limits its application. In this study, we focused on the pinch-off point of the output characteristics and analyzed the contact resistance using nonlinear output curves. We applied the modified TLM to both p- and n-type rubrene single-crystal transistors and compared the mobility differences in terms of both the intrinsic bandwidth and the extrinsic carrier trap density.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
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Mechanically tunable microlasers based on highly viscous chiral liquid crystals

Petr V. Shibaev, Benjamin Crooker, Michael Manevich, and Eckhard Hanelt

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 233302 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3665943 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 5 December 2011

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Chiral composition is designed for highly viscous lasing microemitters. The composition forms cholesteric liquid crystal and after doping with pyrromethene 597 was used as an active lasing media in stretchable aluminized silicone cavities. Optical pumping of the system led to lasing at the wavelengths defined by a degree of cavity deformation. Lasing thresholds were lower in aluminized cavity than in transparent cavity. A simple model allowing to predict the shift of lasing wavelength as a function of deformation is developed.
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42.55.Mv Dye lasers
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking
42.79.Kr Display devices, liquid-crystal devices
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High-performance nonvolatile write-once-read-many-times memory devices with ZnO nanoparticles embedded in polymethylmethacrylate

Toan Thanh Dao, Thu Viet Tran, Koichi Higashimine, Hiromasa Okada, Derrick Mott, Shinya Maenosono, and Hideyuki Murata

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 233303 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3665937 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 6 December 2011

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A mixture of ZnO nanoparticles and polymethylmethacrylate was used as an active layer in a nonvolatile resistive memory device. Current-voltage characteristics of the device showed nonvolatile write-once-read-many-times memory behavior with a switching time on the order of μs. The device exhibited an on/off ratio of 104, retention time of >105 s, and number of readout of >4 × 104 times under a read voltage of 0.5 V. The emission, cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning TEM-high angle annular dark field imaging, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy elemental mapping measurements suggest that the electrical switching originates from the formation of conduction paths.
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85.30.-z Semiconductor devices
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Highly clear conductive polymer electrode films hybridized with gold nanoparticles

Jin-Yeol Kim, Che-Ryong Hwang, Sang-Hyun Jo, and Woo-Gwang Jung

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 233304 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3665612 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 7 December 2011

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Improved conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene) (PEDOT) electrode films were made through hybridization with charged gold nanoparticles. The conductivity of these hybrid films increased more than seven times than the value for the PEDOT alone. The optimized films show a sheet resistance value down to 85 ohm·sq−1 at 85% transparency when PEDOT was hybridized with gold particles of 12 nm diameter, and the organic light-emitting diode devices deposited on these electrodes show a performance equivalent to that of devices based on a conventional indium tin oxide electrode.
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73.40.Ns Metal-nonmetal contacts
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
81.07.Pr Organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructures
82.45.Fk Electrodes
85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
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p-type doping effect on the performance of organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells

Xiaofei Lei, Fute Zhang, Tao Song, and Baoquan Sun

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 233305 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3669393 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 8 December 2011

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The doping effects in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) on the hybrid n-Si/P3HT solar cells were investigated. Oxygen and tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ) doping in P3HT could dramatically improve the device performance. The improvements were related to the Fermi level shift in P3HT towards its highest occupied molecular orbital, leading to a larger built-in voltage generated at the n-Si/P3HT interface for favorable charge transfer. This Fermi level shift was ascribed to the electron transfer from P3HT to the dopant, which was characterized by the absorption spectra and the photoluminescence lifetime. Solution-based F4-TCNQ displayed as a potential candidate to p-doped conjugated polymer to improve charge transfer/transport properties for the hybrid solar cells.
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88.40.jj Silicon solar cells
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Transient capacitance of light-emitting electrochemical cells

Y. A. Davis, P. P. Crooker, N. M. Haegel, Y. Yoshioka, and J. D. MacKenzie

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 233306 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3669411 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 8 December 2011

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We present time-dependent measurements of the capacitance, current, and optical emission of light-emitting electrochemical cells as a constant voltage bias is applied and removed. We find that the capacitance increases more rapidly than the light or current and can be oscillatory in time. The transient behavior suggests that the capacitance is determined by a combination of ion distribution, free carrier screening and junction width.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
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Charge transfer complex states in diketopyrrolopyrrole polymers and fullerene blends: Implications for organic solar cell efficiency

D. Moghe, P. Yu, C. Kanimozhi, S. Patil, and S. Guha

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 233307 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3670043 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 9 December 2011

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The spectral photocurrent characteristics of two donor-acceptor diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based copolymers (PDPP-BBT and TDPP-BBT) blended with a fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were studied using Fourier-transform photocurrent spectroscopy (FTPS) and monochromatic photocurrent (PC) method. PDPP-BBT:PCBM shows the onset of the lowest charge transfer complex (CTC) state at 1.42 eV, whereas TDPP-BBT:PCBM shows no evidence of the formation of a midgap CTC state. The FTPS and PC spectra of P3HT:PCBM are also compared. The larger singlet state energy difference of TDPP-BBT and PCBM compared to PDPP-BBT/P3HT and PCBM obliterates the formation of a midgap CTC state resulting in an enhanced photovoltaic efficiency over PDPP-BBT:PCBM.
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88.40.jr Organic photovoltaics
73.21.-b Electron states and collective excitations in multilayers, quantum wells, mesoscopic, and nanoscale systems
78.66.Qn Polymers; organic compounds
79.60.Fr Polymers; organic compounds
71.70.-d Level splitting and interactions
88.40.hj Efficiency and performance of solar cells
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High-performance vertical polymer nanorod transistors based on air-stable conjugated polymer

Yu-Chiang Chao, Chin-Ho Chung, Hsiao-Wen Zan, Hsin-Fei Meng, and Ming-Che Ku

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 233308 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3668086 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 9 December 2011

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A vertical polymer nanorod transistor was realized based on an air-stable poly[5,5′-bis(3-dodecyl-2-thienyl)-2,2′-bithiophene] with a high highest occupied molecular orbital energy level. The influence of the work function of the emitter on the performances of the space-charge-limited transistor was investigated. When MoO3/Al was used as the top emitter and indium tin oxide was used as the bottom collector, the operating voltage of 0.6 V, the on/off current ratio of 4 × 104, and the switching swing of 105 mV/decade were achieved. A low-power-consumption inverter was also demonstrated.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
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Contact effects in high performance fully printed p-channel organic thin film transistors

A. Valletta, A. Daami, M. Benwadih, R. Coppard, G. Fortunato, M. Rapisarda, F. Torricelli, and L. Mariucci

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 233309 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3669701 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 9 December 2011

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Contact effects have been investigated in fully printed p-channel organic thin film transistors with field effect mobility up to 2 cm2/Vs. Electrical characteristics of the organic thin film transistors, with channel length <200 μm, are seriously influenced by contact effects with an anomalous increase of the contact resistance for increasing source-drain voltage. Assuming that contact effects are negligible in long channel transistors and using gradual channel approximation, we evaluated the current-voltage characteristics of the injection contact, showing that I-V characteristics can be modeled as a reverse biased Schottky diode, including barrier lowering induced by the Schottky effect.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
85.30.Kk Junction diodes
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