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19 Dec 2011

Volume 99, Issue 25, Articles (25xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 253701 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3666819 (3 pages)

Jun Huang, Hui Li, Wei Chen, Guo-Hua Lv, Xing-Quan Wang, Guo-Ping Zhang, Kostya Ostrikov, Peng-Ye Wang, and Si-Ze Yang
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A thin film broadband absorber based on multi-sized nanoantennas

Yanxia Cui, Jun Xu, Kin Hung Fung, Yi Jin, Anil Kumar, Sailing He, and Nicholas X. Fang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 253101 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3672002 (4 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 19 December 2011

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We experimentally demonstrate an infrared broadband absorber based on an array of nanostrip antennas of several different sizes. The broadband property is due to the collective effect of magnetic responses excited by these nanoantennas at distinct wavelengths. By manipulating the differences of the nanostrip widths, the measured spectra clearly validate our design for the purpose of broadening the absorption band.
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84.40.Ba Antennas: theory, components and accessories

High resolution patterning of nanoparticles by evaporative self-assembly enabled by in situ creation and mechanical lift-off of a polymer template

Michael T. Demko, Sun Choi, Tarek I. Zohdi, and Albert P. Pisano

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 253102 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3671084 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2011

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High-resolution patterning of nanostructured materials into open templates is limited by the processes of creation and removal of the necessary template. In this work, a process for forming a micropatterned template from cellulose acetate polymer in situ on the substrate is demonstrated. Nanoparticles are patterned by evaporative self-assembly, and the template is removed by mechanical means. The process is demonstrated by patterning zinc oxide nanoparticles on silicon and cyclic olefin copolymer substrates and by creating a highly sensitive ultraviolet light detector.
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81.16.Rf Micro- and nanoscale pattern formation
81.16.Dn Self-assembly
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
81.05.Dz II-VI semiconductors
61.46.Df Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots)

Modal dependence of dissipation in silicon nitride drum resonators

V. P. Adiga, B. Ilic, R. A. Barton, I. Wilson-Rae, H. G. Craighead, and J. M. Parpia

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 253103 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3671150 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2011

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We have fabricated large (≤400 μm diameter) high tensile stress SiN membrane mechanical resonators and measured the resonant frequency and quality factors (Q) of different modes of oscillation using optical interferometric detection. We observe that the dissipation (Q−1) is limited by clamping loss for pure radial modes, but higher order azimuthal modes are limited by a mechanism which appears to be intrinsic to the material. The observed dissipation is strongly dependent on size of the membrane and mode type. Appropriate choice of size and operating mode allows the selection of optimum resonator designs for applications in mass sensing and optomechanical experiments.
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85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices

Polarization insensitive and omnidirectional broadband near perfect planar metamaterial absorber in the near infrared regime

Shuqi Chen, Hua Cheng, Haifang Yang, Junjie Li, Xiaoyang Duan, Changzhi Gu, and Jianguo Tian

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 253104 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3670333 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 21 December 2011

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We present the design, characterization, and experimental demonstration of a polarization insensitive and omnidirectional broadband near perfect planar metamaterial absorber (MA) in the near infrared regime, which does not need to stack multilayer composite structures. Experimental result shows that greater than 80% absorption is obtained across a wavelength range of 0.41 μm, which is in reasonable agreement with the simulation. The electromagnetic response of the MA is theoretically investigated. The broadband planar MA is polarization insensitive and the absorption remains high even at large incident angles.
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42.70.-a Optical materials
42.15.Eq Optical system design

Degenerate p-doping of InP nanowires for large area tunnel diodes

Jesper Wallentin, Peter Wickert, Martin Ek, Anders Gustafsson, L. Reine Wallenberg, Martin H. Magnusson, Lars Samuelson, Knut Deppert, and Magnus T. Borgström

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 253105 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3669697 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 21 December 2011

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We have investigated p-doping of InP nanowires using diethyl zinc. Two-terminal devices showed non-linear source-drain characteristics and p-type gate dependence. Electron beam induced current measurements were employed to determine minority carrier diffusion lengths. We used large-area tunnel diodes to demonstrate degenerate doping, showing peak current densities of up to 0.11 A/cm2 and room temperature peak to valley current ratios of 5.3. These results demonstrate that high p- and n-doping, paired with sharp doping profiles, can be achieved in InP nanowires.
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85.30.Mn Junction breakdown and tunneling devices (including resonance tunneling devices)

DNA hybridization detection in a miniaturized electromagnetic band gap resonator

Mircea Dragoman, Alina Cismaru, Antonio Radoi, Marius Voicu, and Daniela Dragoman

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 253106 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3671397 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 21 December 2011

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The hybridization of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is sensed in a miniaturized electromagnetic band gap resonator, which has a resonance frequency f0 = 17.3 GHz when unloaded. The resonance frequency f0 is shifted to the left when a single-stranded DNA is immobilized on the resonator and to the right for an immobilized double-stranded DNA. The shifted frequencies of the two states of the DNA are separated by a span of 1 GHz in the band 16-20 GHz and are explained by different effective electrical permittivity values of single- and double-stranded DNA molecules.
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87.15.Pc Electronic and electrical properties
87.14.gk DNA
87.15.B- Structure of biomolecules

The effects of 100 nm-diameter Au nanoparticles on dye-sensitized solar cells

Changwoo Nahm, Hongsik Choi, Jongmin Kim, Dae-Ryong Jung, Chohui Kim, Joonhee Moon, Byungjoo Lee, and Byungwoo Park

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 253107 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3671087 (4 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 22 December 2011

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Gold nanoparticles of ∼100 nm in diameter were incorporated into TiO2 nanoparticles for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). At the optimum Au/TiO2 mass ratio of 0.05, the power-conversion efficiency of the DSSC improved to 3.3% from a value of 2.7% without Au, and this improvement was mainly attributed to the photocurrent density. The Au nanoparticles embedded in the nanoparticulate-TiO2 film strongly absorbed light due to the localized surface-plasmon resonance, and thereby promoted light absorption of the dye. In the DSSCs, the 100 nm-diameter Au nanoparticles generate field enhancement by surface-plasmon resonance rather than prolonged optical paths by light scattering.
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88.40.J- Types of solar cells

Room-temperature ground magnetic state of ɛ-Fe2O3: In-field Mössbauer spectroscopy evidence for collinear ferrimagnet

Jiri Tucek, Shin-ichi Ohkoshi, and Radek Zboril

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 253108 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3671114 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 22 December 2011

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ɛ-Fe2O3 is a remarkable iron(III) oxide polymorph exhibiting a large room-temperature (RT) coercive field, coupled magnetoelectric properties, and millimeter-wave ferromagnetic resonance. Despite great application potential, its room-temperature ground magnetic state is still under scrutiny. Employing in-field 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, we unambiguously demonstrate that at room temperature, ɛ-Fe2O3 behaves as a collinear ferrimagnet, hence excluding any canting of sublattice magnetizations. When exposed to an external magnetic field, ɛ-Fe2O3 can be modeled as a two-sublattice ferrimagnetic nanomaterial with the highest coercivity among all currently known ferrimagnetic (nano)materials.
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75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
75.50.Vv High coercivity materials
75.85.+t Magnetoelectric effects, multiferroics
76.50.+g Ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferrimagnetic resonances; spin-wave resonance
76.80.+y Mössbauer effect; other γ-ray spectroscopy
75.50.Gg Ferrimagnetics

Low temperature synthesis of c-BN films

M. Sajjad and P. X. Feng

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 253109 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3671170 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 22 December 2011

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A simple approach is demonstrated to synthesize cubic boron nitride (c-BN) films at significantly low substrate temperature (450 °C) using ferrous oxide nanoparticles as catalyst. The catalyst helped to create reactive species of BN and transform the initially grown hexagonal boron nitride base layer into c-BN film. The surface of each film was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques were used to analyze the crystalline structures of the films. Evolutions of the vibrational modes of transverse optical and longitudinal optical phonons were observed. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy investigations verified the dominance of B and N in the structures.
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68.55.ag Semiconductors
63.20.dd Measurements
81.15.Fg Pulsed laser ablation deposition
81.05.Ea III-V semiconductors
78.66.Fd III-V semiconductors
78.30.Fs III-V and II-VI semiconductors
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