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26 Dec 2011

Volume 99, Issue 26, Articles (26xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 261101 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3660243 (3 pages)

T. Schwarzbäck, H. Kahle, M. Eichfelder, R. Roßbach, M. Jetter, and P. Michler
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Dependence of recombination mechanisms and strength on processing conditions in polymer solar cells

Kanwar S. Nalwa, Hari K. Kodali, Baskar Ganapathysubramanian, and Sumit Chaudhary

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 263301 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3671999 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2011

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Charge carrier recombination due to carrier trapping is not often considered in polymer based solar cells, except in those using non-fullerene acceptors or new donor polymers with limited short-range order. However, we show that even for the canonical poly(3-hexylthiophene): phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) system, relative strengths of bimolecular and trap-assisted recombination are strongly dependent on processing conditions. For slow-grown active-layers, bimolecular recombination is indeed the major loss mechanism under one sun illumination. However, for fast-grown active-layers, trap-assisted recombination dominates over bimolecular recombination by an order of magnitude, and recombination strength at short-circuit condition is 3-4 times higher, leading to loss of photocurrent and lowering of fill factor.
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88.40.H- Solar cells (photovoltaics)
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Fabrication of sub-10 nm gap arrays over large areas for plasmonic sensors

T. Siegfried, Y. Ekinci, H. H. Solak, O. J. F. Martin, and H. Sigg

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 263302 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3672045 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2011

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We report a high-throughput method for the fabrication of metallic nanogap arrays with high-accuracy over large areas. This method, based on shadow evaporation and interference lithography, achieves sub-10 nm gap sizes with a high accuracy of ±1.5 nm. Controlled fabrication is demonstrated over mm2 areas and for periods of 250 nm. Experiments complemented with numerical simulations indicate that the formation of nanogaps is a robust, self-limiting process that can be applied to wafer-scale substrates. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) experiments illustrate the potential for plasmonic sensing with an exceptionally low standard-deviation of the SERS signal below 3% and average enhancement factors exceeding 1 × 106.
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81.16.Nd Micro- and nanolithography
02.60.-x Numerical approximation and analysis
68.65.-k Low-dimensional, mesoscopic, nanoscale and other related systems: structure and nonelectronic properties
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
78.30.-j Infrared and Raman spectra
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Three-dimensional microlasers based on polymer fibers fabricated by electrospinning

Anshuman J. Das, Clément Lafargue, Mélanie Lebental, Joseph Zyss, and K. S. Narayan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 263303 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3672223 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 28 December 2011

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We report three-dimensional mirror-less lasing from non-cylindrical dye doped polystyrene fibers drawn using an electrospinning procedure where the fiber cross-sectional shape and dimension could be controlled. Signatures of three dimensional etalon like modes were observed corresponding to the transverse and axial quantization of the wave vector. Low lasing thresholds of the order of 200 nJ were achieved along with moderate Q factors.
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42.55.Mv Dye lasers
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
42.81.Bm Fabrication, cladding, and splicing
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Single-step solution processing of small-molecule organic semiconductor field-effect transistors at high yield

Liyang Yu, Xiaoran Li, Egon Pavlica, Marsha A. Loth, John E. Anthony, Gvido Bratina, Charlotte Kjellander, Gerwin Gelinck, and Natalie Stingelin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 263304 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3673280 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 28 December 2011

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Here, we report a simple, alternative route towards high-mobility structures of the small-molecular semiconductor 5,11-bis(triethyl silylethynyl) anthradithiophene that requires one single processing step without the need for any post-deposition processing. The method relies on careful control of the casting temperature of the semiconductor and allows rapid production of transistors with uniform and reproducible device performance over large areas.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
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Long-lasting flexible organic solar cells stored and tested entirely in air

B. Omrane, C. K. Landrock, Y. Chuo, D. Hohertz, J. Aristizabal, B. Kaminska, and K. L. Kavanagh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 263305 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3672222 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2011

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We report on improved stability of poly(3-hexylthiopene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester bulk heterojunction solar cells using an indium tin oxide (ITO) anode and an indium metal cathode. Except for the ITO anode the devices are fabricated, stored, and tested entirely in air without encapsulation, exhibiting less than 10% loss in power conversion efficiency after 200 days. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that this improvement in ambient stability is correlated with the diffusion of indium from the cathode into the active polymer. The In oxidizes presumably resulting in a reduction in P3HT polymer chain degradation.
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88.40.jr Organic photovoltaics
88.40.hj Efficiency and performance of solar cells
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