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25 Jul 2011

Volume 99, Issue 4, Articles (04xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 041102 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3615051 (3 pages)

M. Davanço, M. T. Rakher, D. Schuh, A. Badolato, and K. Srinivasan
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Highly efficient semitransparent tandem organic solar cells with complementary absorber materials

Jan Meiss, Torben Menke, Karl Leo, Christian Uhrich, Wolf-Michael Gnehr, Stefan Sonntag, Martin Pfeiffer, and Moritz Riede

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 043301 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3610551 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 25 July 2011

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We present highly efficient, semitransparent small molecule organic solar cells. The devices employ an indium tin oxide-free top contact, consisting of thin metal films. An additional organic layer is used to enhance light outcoupling. The solar cell incorporates two stacked subcells, each containing a donor:acceptor bulk heterojunction. The two subcells have complementary absorbers, with separate blue (C60), red (fluorinated zinc phthalocyanine), and green (dicyanovinyl oligothiophene derivative) absorbing molecules. A power conversion efficiency of 4.9 ± 0.2% is obtained for the device having an average transmission of 24% in the visible range.
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88.40.jr Organic photovoltaics
42.79.Ek Solar collectors and concentrators
88.40.hj Efficiency and performance of solar cells
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Bloch surface waves-controlled emission of organic dyes grafted on a one-dimensional photonic crystal

Mirko Ballarini, Francesca Frascella, Francesco Michelotti, Gabriella Digregorio, Paola Rivolo, Vincent Paeder, Valeria Musi, Fabrizio Giorgis, and Emiliano Descrovi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 043302 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3616144 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 27 July 2011

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An alternative route to plasmon-controlled fluorescence for improving the detection of fluorescence is proposed. In place of a metallic layer, a suitable silicon-based one-dimensional photonic crystal is used to generate a Bloch surface waves-coupled emission from a thin polymeric layer decorated with a fluorescent dye. Fluorescent radiation coupled to Bloch surface waves is strongly polarized and directional, with an angular divergence of 0.3° corresponding to a spectral bandwidth of 3 nm. Within this range, an overall signal enhancement of a factor larger than 500 is obtained as compared to a conventional glass substrate thanks to an additional enhancement mechanism based on dyes excitation via Bloch surface waves.
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78.67.Pt Multilayers; superlattices; photonic structures; metamaterials
78.55.-m Photoluminescence, properties and materials
78.68.+m Optical properties of surfaces
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
71.36.+c Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions)
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials
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Thermal annealing and temperature dependences of memory effect in organic memory transistor

X. C. Ren, S. M. Wang, C. W. Leung, F. Yan, and P. K. L. Chan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 043303 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3617477 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 28 July 2011

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We investigate the annealing and thermal effects of organic non-volatile memory with floating silver nanoparticles by real-time transfer curve measurements. During annealing, the memory window shows shrinkage of 23% due to structural variation of the nanoparticles. However, by increasing the device operating temperature from 20 to 90 °C after annealing, the memory window demonstrates an enlargement up to 100%. The differences in the thermal responses are explained and confirmed by the co-existence of electron and hole traps. Our findings provide a better understanding of organic memory performances under various operating temperatures and validate their applications for temperature sensing or thermal memories.
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84.30.Sk Pulse and digital circuits
81.40.Ef Cold working, work hardening; annealing, post-deformation annealing, quenching, tempering recovery, and crystallization
81.40.Gh Other heat and thermomechanical treatments
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Gated electronic currents modulation and designs of logic gates with single molecular field effect transistors

Yuqing Xu, Changfeng Fang, Bin Cui, Guomin Ji, Yaxin Zhai, and Desheng Liu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 043304 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3615691 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 28 July 2011

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The electronic transport properties of a gated single 1,3-benzenedithiol molecular device are studied by using nonequilibrium Green's function in combination with density functional theory, which is hoped to complement the experiments. The results show that the external transverse gate electrodes can effectively tune the electronic transport properties of the molecular devices. Negative differential resistance behaviors are observed almost at the same source-drain bias when applied different gate voltages. Mechanisms are proposed for these phenomena. Designs of using one gated molecular device to realize five basic logic gates are also put forward.
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81.05.Lg Polymers and plastics; rubber; synthetic and natural fibers; organometallic and organic materials
84.30.Sk Pulse and digital circuits
85.30.Tv Field effect devices
85.65.+h Molecular electronic devices
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Doping of organic semiconductors induced by lithium fluoride/aluminum electrodes studied by electron spin resonance and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy

E. D. Głowacki, K. L. Marshall, C. W. Tang, and N. S. Sariciftci

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 043305 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3615799 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 28 July 2011

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We report our investigations on the chemical doping mechanisms induced by LiF|Al electrodes evaporated onto fullerene thin films. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) are utilized to characterize C60|Al and C60|LiF|Al interfaces. ESR spectra show that deposition of LiF followed by Al generates C60 radical anions and also the presence of an additional paramagnetic species of lower concentration that is present in all C60 films regardless of LiF. IRRAS clarifies the mechanism occurring at the C60|LiF|Al interface, showing that interaction between LiF and C60 followed by deposition of Al causes LiF clusters to chemically dissociate.
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61.72.U- Doping and impurity implantation
68.55.ag Semiconductors
76.30.-v Electron paramagnetic resonance and relaxation
78.30.Hv Other nonmetallic inorganics
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Enhanced performance of dye-sensitized solar cells via plasmonic sandwiched structure

Su-Jien Lin, Kuang-Che Lee, Jyun-Lin Wu, and Jun-Yi Wu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 043306 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3616139 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 28 July 2011

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The plasmonic structure of sandwiched TiO2/NPs-Ag/TiO2 electrodes was fabricated by sputter technology and sol–gel and spin coating procedure to enhance the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. The improvement of the incident photon to photocurrent efficiency spectrum corresponding to the strong absorption and damping reflection indicated light trapping of plasmonic structure to elongate the optical pathways of photons. More light trapped close to photocurrent collecting electrode provides better charge-collection and light harvesting efficiencies. As a result of improved dye absorption, about 23% enhancement in photocurrent density has been achieved.
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88.40.hj Efficiency and performance of solar cells
88.40.jp Multijunction solar cells
81.10.Dn Growth from solutions
81.10.Fq Growth from melts; zone melting and refining
81.15.Lm Liquid phase epitaxy; deposition from liquid phases (melts, solutions, and surface layers on liquids)
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
72.40.+w Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects
79.60.Jv Interfaces; heterostructures; nanostructures
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Polymer-electrolyte gated graphene transistors for analog and digital phase detection

Adarsh Sagar, Kannan Balasubramanian, Marko Burghard, Klaus Kern, and Roman Sordan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 043307 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3615247 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 29 July 2011

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We present an alternating current (ac) circuit based on a misoriented bilayer graphene device for analog and digital phase detection. We exploit the ambipolar nature of the transfer characteristics of a misoriented bilayer graphene transistor. The transistor action here is realized using an electrochemical gate integrated into a solid polymer electrolyte layer. This unique combination provides a voltage gain close to unity under ambient conditions, which is one order of magnitude higher than that attainable in back-gated devices. The achieved gain provides sufficient sensitivity to detect phase differences between pairs of analog or digital signals.
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84.30.Qi Modulators and demodulators; discriminators, comparators, mixers, limiters, and compressors
84.30.Sk Pulse and digital circuits
85.30.Tv Field effect devices
85.65.+h Molecular electronic devices
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Vertical orientation of copper phthalocyanine in organic solar cells using a small molecular weight organic templating layer

Kyoung Soo Yook, Byung Doo Chin, Jun Yeob Lee, Brian E. Lassiter, and Stephen R. Forrest

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 043308 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3621837 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 29 July 2011

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Ultrathin film material templating layers that force the morphology of subsequently grown electrically active thin films have been found to increase the performance of small molecule organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Here, we show that the electron-transporting material, hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) can be used as a templating material that forces the copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) donor molecule to assume a vertical-standing morphology when deposited onto its surface on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. For a device with HAT-CN as the templating buffer layer, the fill factor and short circuit current of CuPc:C60 OPVs were both significantly increased compared with cells lacking the HAT-CN template. This is explained by the reduction of the series resistance due to the improved crystallinity of CuPc grown onto the ITO surface.
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88.40.jr Organic photovoltaics
68.55.ag Semiconductors
81.05.Fb Organic semiconductors
88.40.H- Solar cells (photovoltaics)
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