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8 Aug 2011

Volume 99, Issue 6, Articles (06xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 063701 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3622631 (3 pages)

Bomi Gweon, Mina Kim, Dan Bee Kim, Daeyeon Kim, Hyeonyu Kim, Heesoo Jung, Jennifer H. Shin, and Wonho Choe
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Air stable hybrid inverted tandem solar cell design

Feng Liu and Jean-Michel Nunzi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 063301 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3622119 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 8 August 2011

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In order to get an air stable solar cell with high open circuit voltage (Voc), we fabricated an inverted tandem solar cell based on hybrid wet chemistry and vacuum thermal deposition techniques. A thin metallic interfacial layer was applied to improve charge recombination and maximize both the fill factor and Voc of the tandem solar cell. A cationic dye doped electron transport layer was used to minimize space charge induced Voc loss. The tandem cell Voc reached 1.02 V, which equals the sum of the two subcells’ Voc. Increase of the metal nanoparticles’ layer thickness reduces the short circuit current density of the tandem owing to increasing light extinction. Our tandem cell design offers superior air stability due to additional encapsulation effect from top metal oxide layers. It retains about 80% of its original efficiency after storage in air for three months.
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88.40.jr Organic photovoltaics
88.40.hj Efficiency and performance of solar cells
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Interaction of interfacial charge and ferroelectric polarization in a pentacene/poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) double-layer device

Jun Li, Dai Taguchi, Wei OuYang, Takaaki Manaka, and Mitsumasa Iwamoto

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 063302 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3624477 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 9 August 2011

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A two-step polarization reversal process was identified in the pentacene/poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) double-layer device. Displacement current measurement showed that three peaks generated non-symmetrically in the current-voltage characteristics. Accordingly, optical electric-field induced second-harmonic generation measurement displayed two hysteresis loops. A proposed model based on a two-step polarization reversal mechanism accounted for these results, and suggested that interaction of interfacial charge and ferroelectric polarization governed the mechanism. The proposed model is useful to explain the reduced remanent polarization in ferroelectric field-effect transistors, and will be helpful for developing organic devices with a ferroelectric layer.
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85.50.Gk Non-volatile ferroelectric memories
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
84.30.Sk Pulse and digital circuits
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Improving the spectral response of amorphous Se photodetectors using organic semiconductors

I. H. Campbell

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 063303 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3624844 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 11 August 2011

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We demonstrate a heterojunction amorphous Se (a-Se)/organic semiconductor photodetector that extends the long wavelength spectral response of pure a-Se devices from a cutoff of about 500 nm to 1000 nm. We show that a-Se/organic interfaces behave similarly to organic/organic interfaces in terms of energy level alignments and organic exciton dissociation. Due to the large ionization potential of a-Se (5.7 eV), organic materials with similarly large ionization potentials are required for hole injection into a-Se and possible avalanche multiplication.
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85.60.Gz Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors)
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Theory of plasmonic near-field enhanced absorption in solar cells

N. Lagos, M. M. Sigalas, and E. Lidorikis

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 063304 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3623759 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 11 August 2011

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We derive analytical expressions for the absorption enhancement expected when dilute suspensions of small metallic nanoparticles are inserted inside an organic semiconductor. A comparison with accurate numerical simulations shows excellent agreement for a wide range of volume filling ratios and even in the case of mixing different types of metals. These results are invaluable tools in optimizing the absorption performance of plasmonic thin-film organic solar cells.
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88.40.jr Organic photovoltaics
88.40.hj Efficiency and performance of solar cells
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Ultra-low voltage air-stable polyelectrolyte gated n-type organic thin film transistors

Abdellah Malti, Erik O. Gabrielsson, Magnus Berggren, and Xavier Crispin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 063305 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3626587 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 12 August 2011

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Complementary circuits, processing digital signals, are a cornerstone of modern electronics. Such circuits require both p- and n-type transistors. Polyelectrolytes are used as gate insulators in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) to establish an electric double layer capacitor upon gate bias that allows low operational voltages (<1 V). However, stable and low-voltage operating n-channel organic transistors have proven difficult to construct. Here, we report ultra-low voltage n-channel organic polymer-based transistors that are stable in ambient atmosphere. Our n-type OTFTs exhibit on/off ratios around 103 for an applied drain potential as low as 0.1 V. Since small ions are known to promote electrochemical reactions within the semiconductor’s channel bulk and typically slow down the transistor, we use a solid polycationic gate insulator that suppresses penetration of anions into the n-channel semiconductor. As a result, our n-channel OTFTs switch on in under 5 ms and off in less than 1 ms.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
82.35.Rs Polyelectrolytes
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Hole mobility enhancement of pentacene organic field-effect transistors using 4,4′,4″-tris[3-methylphenyl(phenyl)amino] triphenylamine as a hole injection interlayer

Xinge Yu (于欣格), Junsheng Yu (于军胜), Jianlin Zhou (周建林), Jiang Huang (黄江), and Yadong Jiang (蒋亚东)

Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 063306 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3624586 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 12 August 2011

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Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were prepared and analyzed by inserting various thickness of 4,4′,4″-tris[3-methylphenyl(phenyl)amino] triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) between pentacene and gold electrodes as a hole injection layer. These OFETs showed a significant enhancement of hole mobility comparing to the corresponding single layer device. The interfacial morphologies of pentacene and pentacene/m-MTDATA contact were characterized by atomic force microscopy. The hole mobility improvement of OFETs was attributed to an intermediate energy level formed between pentacene and gold heterojunction when inserting an ultrathin m-MTDATA layer, leading to a remarkable reduction of contact resistance at the metal-organic interface.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
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